Definitions
What is an inanimate object that transmits pathogens from person to person?
What type of carrier has been sick and fully recovered yet still harbors the pathogen?
an active carrier
What type of prevention is aimed at preventing an infection, injury, or condition from ever occuring in the first place?
primary prevention
What is a method of transmission that uses some form of intermediary?
indirect transmission
What are a set of criteria that must be met to consider a person a case during an investigation?
a case definition
What is an indirect mode of transmission that uses respiratory droplets and aerosols?
airborne transmission
What type of carrier has only just started to feel unwell and is also contagious?
incubatory carriers
What type of prevention focuses on screening, testing, and early detection to prevent sick people from getting worse?
secondary prevention
What is a method of transmission that relies on an arthropod?
vector-borne transmission
What type of case is the first case known to the epidemiologist/disease investigator?
the index case
What mode of transmission are sexual, perinatal, and close contact?
direct transmission
What type of carrier is in the recovery stage of infection, but is still contagious?
convalescent carriers
What type of prevention does not require behavioral change by the individual?
passive primary prevention
What is a type of vector transmission where the arthropod simply moves the pathogen?
mechanical transmission
How are experiments described when they have produced the desired result among participants?
as "efficacious"
What is a pathogen that infects vertebrates and can be transmitted to humans?
a zoonosis
What type of carrier was Mary Mallon?
a healthy/passive carrier
What type of prevention DOES require behavioral change by the individual?
active primary prevention
What is the living or non-living “home base” of a pathogen?
a reservoir
What term is used to define a program or intervention that has produced desired outcomes among individuals OFFERED the intervention?
effective
What is a 6-pronged description of how infections occur in humans?
the chain of infection
What type of carrier harbors a pathogen and becomes contagious at varying time periods?
intermittent carriers
What type of prevention focuses on rehabilitation after a person has contracted a health issue?
tertiary prevention
What is a type of vector transmission in which the pathogen relies on the arthropod for some aspect of its life cycle?
biological transmission
What type of case is the first known person to ever contract a disease?
the primary case