CH1
A disease that regularly occurs or exists in a certain area or within a certain population
What is an endemic?
When a disease is easily spread and likely to be transmitted to other people/organisms.
What is infectious?
Caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi that can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another
What is communicable disease?
A program that directs the researcher along the path of systematically collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data.
What is a study design?
Researchers evaluate the effects of an assigned intervention on an outcome; the investigators intervene in the study by influencing the exposure of the study participants.
What is a experimental study?
A disease outbreak that greatly affects a specific area or population more than normal
What is an epidemic?
Complete destruction of something. (ex. a disease)
What is eradication?
A disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another
What is a non-communicable disease?
Includes case reports and case series, cross-sectional surveys, and exploratory ecologic designs.
What is a descriptive study design?
Tests a group intervention designed for the purpose of educational and behavioral changes at the population level.
What is a community trial?
A disease outbreak that reaches worldwide and is not specific to an area or population
What is a pandemic?
A dead human body used in a lab.
What is a cadaver?
A medication that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
What is an antibiotic?
Involves observation, definitions, measurements, interpretations, and dissemination of health-related states or events by person, place, and time.
What is descriptive epidemiology?
An unplanned type of experimental study in which the levels of exposure to a presumed cause differ among a population in a way that is relatively unaffected by extraneous factors so that the situation resembles a planned experiment.
What is a natural experiment?
the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in human populations and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems
What is epidemiology?
Measure the distribution of viral infections, diseases, and associated risk factors in populations in terms of person, place, and time using standard measures of disease frequency, study designs, and approaches to causal inference.
What are epidemiological methods?
A relatively severe disorder with sudden onset and short duration of symptoms.
What is acute disease?
Involves making comparisons between variables where the unit of analysis is aggregated data on the population level rather than on the individual level.
What is an ecologic study?
A detailed written plan of the study. The protocol helps the investigator to organize, clarify, and refine various aspects of the study
What is a protocol?
tool used to help pinpoint the source of a disease outbreak, therefore making it easier to control and stop the spread. Uses specific information such as time, environment, host and agent.
What is an epidemiology triangle?
More cases of a disease than expected in a specific location over a specific time period
What is an outbreak?
A less severe disease but of continuous duration, lasting over long time periods if not a lifetime.
What is chronic disease?
A profile of a single individual; it includes qualitative descriptive research of the facts in chronological order.
What is a case report?
Instead of individuals being randomly assigned the intervention, groups or naturally forming clusters are randomly assigned the intervention.
What is group randomization?