Category 1
Damage to this would produce failure to adduct during lateral gaze, but keeps accommodation intact.
What is the MLF?
This plasma protein binds thyroid hormone in the blood
What is thyroxine binding globulin?
Increased reflexes (4-5/5) are indicative of this kind of injury
What is upper motor neuron OR lateral corticospinal tract?
Aneurysms of this artery are a common etiology for CN III palsy
What is the posterior communicating artery (PComm)?
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain and rests in THIS depression of the sphenoid bone.
What is the sella turcica?
The CNS includes these two components
What are the brain and the spinal cord?
Because the pineal gland has connections with the eye via the retinohypothalamic tract, it is an important regulator of this
What is circadian rhythm?
In the PNS, this is the main transmitter at neuromuscular junctions
What is acetylcholine?
The spinothalamic tract is responsible for these three types of sensation
What are Pain, temperature, and crude touch?
The MLF connects these nuclei
What are oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and vestibular?
These are the receptor processes that receive stimuli from other neurons or from the external environment.
What are dendrites?
This condition, which presents with an enlarged thyroid gland and bulging eyes, is a type of autoimmune disorder.
What is Graves' disease?
This condition presents as progressive muscle fatigue with use, primarily affecting the neuromuscular junction
What is Myasthenia gravis?
The neurotransmitter found in the retina
What is dopamine?
A positive Romberg sign is indicative of damage in this pathway
What is the PC-ML?
Lactotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland produce and secrete prolactin. Their activity is inhibited by hypothalamic secretion of this neurotransmitter
What is dopamine?
A biologically inactive form of thyroid hormone is 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine, also referred to as this
What is reverse triiodothyronine (rT3)?
The transition in anatomical orientation terminology between referring to rostral/caudal and dorsal/ventral axes occurs at this landmark
What is the midbrain/diencephalic juntion?
A patient with a normally functioning thryoid and reduced TBG would have reduced values of this metric in thyroid panel.
What is Total T4?
During pregnancy, this hormone acts to antagonize prolactin action in the breast to prevent lactation until after parturition
What is estrogen?
The location of these neurotransmitters include the entire CNS; their receptor subtypes include metabotropic and NMDA
What is glutamate?
These cells (so named because they react with chromate salts) of the adrenal medulla are part of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system of cells
What are Chromaffin cells?
In this syndrome, a patient presents with impairment of vertical gaze, especially upgaze; Large, irregular pupils that do not react to light but sometimes may react to near–far accommodation; bilateral lid retraction (Collier’s sign) or “tucking” to bilateral ptosis; impaired convergence and sometimes convergence–retraction nystagmus.
What is Parinaud’s Syndrome?
During pregnancy, thyroid deficiency can cause severe damage to THIS system in the fetus.
What is the central nervous system?
Most cases of growth hormone-dependent growth retardation are treated with replacement recombinant human growth hormone, referred to by this generic name
What is somatropin?