Psych
This psychiatric condition involves delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and negative symptoms for at least six months.
What is Schizophrenia?
Deficiency of this vitamin, absorbed in the terminal ileum with the help of intrinsic factor, can cause megaloblastic anaemia and neurological symptoms.
What is Vitamin B12?
This demyelinating disease shows oligoclonal bands in CSF and periventricular white matter plaques on MRI.
What is Multiple Sclerosis
This hormone, produced by the kidney, stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
What is erythropoietin?
This thyroid hormone is more biologically active, but it is mostly produced in the periphery by conversion from its precursor.
What is T3?
This personality disorder is marked by instability in relationships, self-image, and affect, with impulsivity.
What is BPD/Emotionally-Unstable
This enzyme, secreted by the stomach, begins protein digestion.
What is Pepsin?
This type of aphasia is characterized by fluent but meaningless speech, impaired comprehension, and impaired repetition, due to a lesion in the superior temporal gyrus.
What is Wernicke's aphasia?
This nephrotic syndrome, more common in children, is characterized by podocyte effacement on electron microscopy and good response to steroids.
What is Minimal Change Disease?
Excess secretion of this hormone from the anterior pituitary causes acromegaly in adults.
What is Growth Hormone?
This drug, a GABA-B receptor agonist, is sometimes used to treat spasticity and also studied in alcohol withdrawal.
What is Baclofen?
This inherited condition is caused by a mutation in the APC gene and carries a nearly 100% risk of colorectal cancer if untreated.
What is familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?
This hereditary neurodegenerative disorder is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion on chromosome 4, leading to caudate nucleus atrophy.
What is Huntington's disease?
This hormone, secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells, increases in response to decreased renal perfusion.
What is Renin?
In primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome), the plasma renin activity is expected to show this finding.
What is suppressed/decreased renin activity?
This first-generation antipsychotic is most associated with high risk of extrapyramidal side effects, especially acute dystonia.
What is Haloperidol?
This outpouching of the distal ileum, a remnant of the vitelline duct, can cause bleeding and mimics appendicitis.
What is Meckel's Diverticulitis?
This syndrome occurs with occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and presents with ipsilateral facial sensory loss, contralateral body sensory loss, dysphagia, and ataxia.
What is Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg's) Syndrome?
This glomerular disease shows a “tram-track” appearance on light microscopy due to mesangial cell interposition, and is associated with hepatitis C.
What is membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)?
A deficiency of this enzyme, the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, leads to excess androgen production.
What is 21-hydroxylase?
This drug class, including phenelzine and tranylcypromine, carries a risk of hypertensive crisis if combined with tyramine-containing foods.
What are MAO inhibitors (MAOIs)?
This genetic disorder causes hamartomatous polyps throughout the GI tract and carries a risk of various cancers, including breast, pancreas, and lung.
What is Peutz-Jegher's syndrome?
This basal ganglia structure is primarily affected in Wilson’s disease, leading to movement disorders and psychiatric symptoms.
What is the putamen? / lentiform nucleus acceptable
In tumour lysis syndrome, uric acid precipitation leads to acute kidney injury. The main drug used for prevention is this recombinant urate oxidase.
What is rasburicase?
This triad — hypoglycaemic symptoms, low plasma glucose, and relief of symptoms after glucose administration — is diagnostic of insulinoma.
What is Whipple's triad