Knee Examinations
Posterior draw test
What test is used for the PCL?
From tibial eminence to the medial femoral condyle.
What are the attachments of the PCL?
Black
What does the lateral collateral ligament connect?
Femur, patella, tibia.
What are the 3 bones in the knee?
Removing what remains of the ACL and replacing it with a tendon from another area of the leg, eg hamstring or patellar tendon.
What is reconstructive ACL surgery?
This test is done by bending the hip 45 degrees and the knee 90 degrees, then pulling the knee forward with a sudden jerk to test the leg's range of motion.
What is the Lachman Test?
Tear of the ACL, medial meniscus and medial (tibial) collateral ligament
What is the terrible triad?
Red
Where is the anterolateral ligament?
This menisus is attached to the popliteus tendon.
What tendon is the lateral menisci attached to?
If the lower leg extends forward too much or if knee and lower leg are twisted.
When does the ACL tear?
Push lower leg medially with hand on medial side of knee
Describe the LCL test
Femur rotates medially around the ACL axis to tighten it.
What is the knee locking mechanism?
Medial collateral ligament deformity in the knee joint where knees come together.
What is Genu Valgum?
Key to the knee
What is the popliteus muscle known as?
- Landing incorrectly
- Stopping suddenly
- Changing direction suddenly
- Collision eg football tackle
Describe some causes of an ACL tear.
Tibial tuberosity seems more prominent
What happens to the tibia when the ACL is ruptured?
From the tibial eminence to medial surface of lateral femoral condyle
What are the attachments of the ACL?
The quadriceps tendon and the patella tendon / ligament.
What two tendons are attached to the patella?
It is crescent shaped.
What shape is the medial meniscus?
At least 3 weeks (NHS).
How long does it take for someones full range of movement of their knee to return after an ACL injury?
Valgum occurs when pulling the lower leg laterally.
Describe a positive MCL test.
Prevents the femur from moving backwards.
What does the ACL do?
Transverse ligament
What connects the medial and lateral menisci?
Green box
What is the pes anserinus?
In 80% of cases (NHS).
In what percentage of cases does ACL surgery fully restore the functioning of the knee?