Voice
This category of intervention focuses on improving the environments (physical, social, psychological) that affect the vocal folds.
This another term for bedside swallow exam
Clinical Swallow Evaluation (CSE)
This is the age range a child will typically startle to loud noises
What is 0-3 months old?
This theory of language development focuses on operant conditioning including stimulus, response and reinforcement
What is behavioral theory?
This principle explains why the vocal folds come back together due to a sudden drop in air pressure between them.
What is the Bernoulli's effect
Name one major advantage and disadvantage of FEES
Disadvantage
-Blackout phase (can't see moment of swallow)
Advantage
-No radiation, can visualize tissue health
2-4 word phrases at sentences are expected by this age.
24 months
A 5 year old has spoken Spanish from birth. She then learns English in Kindergarten. This is what type of bilingual language acquistion?
What is sequential?
Give three example of voice therapy programs
Resonant Voice Therapy
Conversation Training Therapy
Lee Silverman Voice Treatment
These are the steps of the supraglottic swallow
1 take a sip or bite
2 hold breath
3 swallow
4 cough on exhale
Unfamiliar listeners should understand 90-100% of a child's speech at this age
4-5
A child is struggling with using word endings such the dog runn-ed. What domain of language will you target?
What is morphology?
Describe the purpose and accurately demonstrate a semi-occluded vocal tract exercise
Lip trills, cup bubbles, straw phonation, RVT BTG
Narrowing (semi-occlusion) of vocal tract causes back pressure which helps relax other structures in vocal tract.
Decribe oral, pharyngeal and esophageal phases of normal swallowing.
Oral prep: An appropriate size bite or sip is transferred from cup, utensil, straw etc to mouth with good labial stability, labial seal.
Oral phase; Food is masticated, bolus is formed, oral transient of bolus from anterior to posterior tongue, tongue retracts, soft palate elevates moves to pharynx.
Base of tongue makes contact with posterior pharyngeal wall to form seal, triggers brainstem swallow reflex, pharyngeal constrictors move bolus down, epiglottis inverts, larnyx elevates, vocal folds close. UES opens.
Esophageal: Tail of bolus enters esophagus, UES closes, bolus transfers out of upper esophagus with residue or retention.
Children at this age use a variety of consonant sounds including__
12 months, p, b, m, t, d, n, k, g, s, h, w, y
This type of dysarthria results from damage to the cerebellum. Signs include discoordination of speech mechanism.
Ataxic dysarthrias
The superior laryngeal and __ are branches of this cranial nerve.
Recurrent, vagus
Chin tuck, head tilt and head turn all examples of this type of swallowing intervention.
Also, what side to you tilt to and why, turn to and why and what does the chin tuck do?
Postural adjustments.
tilt to strong side for more optimal chewing and bolus control, turn to weak side to direct food to strong side, chin tuck widens the vallecular space helps with residue clearance, tongue retraction.
Pre-Talking/ Cooing Stage
0-6 months
Emits vowel-like sounds in response to human sounds
Turns head and searches for speaker
Occasional chuckling sounds
Babbling Stage
6-8 months
Emits consonant-vowel combinations (ma-ma, da-da)
Holophrastic Stage
9-18 months
Emits first single word with meaning
Two-Word Stage
18-24 months
Emits mini-sentences with simple semantic relations
Syntactic elements and intonation indicates dialogue
Ability to produce more consonant sounds
Telegraphic Stage
24-30 months
Produce utterances longer than two words
Begin to appear ‘sentence-like’
Similar syntactical structure to adult grammar
Named for the tendency to leave out non-content words
Later Multiword Stage
30+ months
Fastest increase in vocabulary
Many new words everyday
No more babbling
All utterances have communicative intent
Dysarthria
-Muscle weakness , consistent errors
Apraxia
-Motor planning, inconsistent errors, articulatory groping