Biomolecules
What are the main functions of carbohydrates in the body?
Carbohydrates provide energy, support brain function, and are necessary for cell structure.
What is insulin, and what role does it play in blood glucose regulation?
Insulin is a hormone that helps lower blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake by cells.
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 2 Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin.
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
Describe what happens to blood glucose levels in between meals?
Blood glucose levels drop
What role do lipids play in the body? Name a food you can find lipids in.
Lipids store energy, provide insulation, and make up cell membranes. Found in oils and fats.
Describe the relationship between insulin and the pancreas.
The pancreas produces insulin in response to high blood glucose levels.
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the pancreas produces little to no insulin.
Describe a scenario of negative feedback in blood glucose regulation.
After eating, blood glucose rises, triggering insulin release, which lowers blood glucose back to normal.
What is a symptom of diabetes?
Some common symptoms of diabetes include excessive thirst, frequent urination, nerve pain, fatigue, and blurred vision.
How do proteins function in the body? Name a food you can find it in.
Proteins build and repair tissues, synthesize hormones, and are crucial for immune function. Meats, dairy, legumes, tree nuts.
What is glucagon, and how does it function in the body?
Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels by promoting glucose release from the liver. In between meals or when blood sugar is low.
What occurs in the body of a Type 1 diabetic after consuming a carbohydrate-heavy meal?
Without sufficient insulin, blood glucose levels rise significantly because glucose cannot enter cells.
What role does exercise play in diabetes prevention?
Regular physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and helps regulate blood glucose levels by breaking down stored fat which carries glucose.
Name two macromolecules that are present in a chicken salad with romaine lettuce and ranch dressing.
Carbs, protein, and lipids.
What are nucleic acids, and what is their primary function?
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) store and transmit genetic information.
What happens to blood glucose levels when insulin is not properly functioning?
Blood glucose levels can become excessively high, leading to hyperglycemia.
Compare the onset of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.
Type 1 usually develops in childhood or adolescence, while Type 2 often occurs in adulthood, linked to lifestyle factors
What is positive feedback, and how does it differ from negative feedback?
Positive feedback amplifies responses, while negative feedback reduces them to maintain homeostasis.
In the blood smear lab, what was the name of the disease in the abnormal blood smear?
Leukemia