Opioids
Opioids are most appropriate for which kind of pain
Chronic
Acute
Acute
Which opioid receptor is most associated with dysphoria and is less targeted by available opioid analgesics?
Kappa opioid receptor (KOR)
True or False
Opioids are good
Discuss
What is the brand name of Hydromorphone
Vicodin
Percocet
Dilaudid
Dilaudid
Define "ceiling effect"
ceiling effect - where no additional analgesia or side effects are produced by increasing the dose.
True or False
All opioids are opiates.
False
All opiates are opioids, not all opioids are opiates.
Pain is modulated by opioids in the _____ of the spinal cord
Later Gray Horn
Ventral Horn
Dorsal Horn
Dorsal Horn
Which of the following is a side effect associated with opioid analgesics?
Respiratory depression
Tolerance
Increased sensitivity to pain (hyperalgesia)
All of the Above
All of the Above
SSRIs such as Paxil and Prozac are know to
prevent codeine's conversion to morphine
enhance codeine's conversion to morphine
prevent codeine's conversion to morphine
they block CYP2D6
These drugs will inhibit the conversion of codeine to morphine.
Paxil
Prozac
Benedryl
all drugs but Prozac
all drugs
All drugs
SSRIs, antihistimines, and antidepressants
The main pleasure/reward neurotransmitter
GABA
Serotonin
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Carries pain signals from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system
Substance P
Insulin
Enkaphalin
Glutamate
Substance P
True or False
A competitive antagonist with higher affinity can displace a weaker agonist
True
The agonist, Morphine act on which receptor first?
KOR
DOR
MOR
MOR
True or false
M6G, the morphine metabolite can work as a KOR agonists
False
M6g, can also work as MOR agonists
What is an opioid?
any drug, synthetic or natural that produces morphine-like effects such as analgesia
Hyperalgesia is an over sensitivity to stimulus seen as a side effect to endogenous opioids targeting
MORs
DORs
KORs
Mu, MORs
Tramadol and its derivatives belong to which chemical class of opioids?
Tapentadol
Phenylpiperidines
PhenylPropylAmines
Benzomorphans
PhenylPropylAmines
Morphine is a precursor to which drugs
hydromorphone
methadone
oxycodone
hydromorphone and oxycodone
To prevent misuse, which drug is taken along with Naloxone (Narcan)?
Buprenorphine
What is the purpose of opioids activating pre-synaptic opioid receptors?
To inhibits the release of excitatory neurotransmitters.
glutamate, substance P
What is the purpose of opioid-receptor binding at the post-synaptic level?
To decrease the probability of the generation of an action potential
Name the two weak full agonists
Tramadol and Codeine
True or false
Benadryl and Wellbutrin are known to induce CYP450 enzymes, enhancing Codeine's conversion to morphine
False
it is rifampicin and dexamethasone
name a strong KOR agonist.
Pentazocine (Talwin) - Mixed Agonists/Antagonists