Immunoglobulins
The most abundant antibody in the bloodstream.
Provides long-term protection and can cross the placenta to protect the fetus.
Key in neutralizing toxins and viruses.
What is IgG?
Y shape
Group of Cytokines that regulate immune responses.
Attract white blood cells and enhance permeability.
What is Interleukins?
ACID acronym.
A-Allergic
C-Cytotoxic
I-Immune complex mediated
D-Delayed
Short-term response to injury or infection, characterized by the body's immediate reaction, such as redness, swelling, heat, and pain.
It usually resolves once the underlying issue is addressed.
What is Acute Inflammation?
Immune cells identify pathogens or damaged tissues.
What is Recognition?
Found in mucosal areas (like the gut and respiratory tract), as well as in saliva and breast milk.
Plays a vital role in mucosal immunity by preventing pathogen adherence.
What is IgA?
>-< shape
Pro-inflammatory.
What is IL-1, IL-6 and IL-17?
Mediated by IgE antibodies, histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandins.
Allergies, asthma & anaphylaxis.
What is Type I (Immediate)?
Prolonged and often low-grade inflammatory response that can last for months or even years.
Can lead to tissue damage and is associated with various diseases, including arthritis, heart disease, and some cancers.
What is Chronic Inflammation?
Immune cells release chemical mediators (e.g., cytokines).
What is Activation?
1st responder to infections.
Forms complexes that help eliminate pathogens & activates the complement system.
What is IgM?
Pentameric shape (5 star)
Anti-inflammatory.
What is IL-10 & IL-4?
Mediated by IgG, IgM and complement proteins.
Hemolytic anemia, Rh incompatibility.
What is Type II (Cytotoxic)?
Increases blood vessel permeability and causes vasodilation.
What is Histamine?
Blood vessels widen and become more permeable, increasing blood flow and allowing immune cells to exit.
What is Vasodilation?
Involved in allergic reactions and responses to parasitic infections.
It binds to allergens and triggers histamine release from mast cells and basophils.
What is IgE?
Y shape
Rheumatoid Arthritis.
What is IL-6 and IL-1?
Mediated by IgG and immune complexes.
Serum sickness, Lupus, RA.
What is Type III (Immune Complex)?
Promote inflammation, pain, and fever.
What is Prostaglandins?
White blood cells move to the infection site.
Immune cells engulf and destroy pathogens.
What is Cell Recruitment and Phagocytosis?
Found in small amounts in the bloodstream and on the surface of B cells.
Role is less understood, coexpressed with IgM.
What is IgD?
Y shape
Multiple Sclerosis.
What is IL-17?
Mediated by T cells and Cytokines.
Contact dermatitis, organ rejection, TB skin test, T1DM.
What is Type IV (Delayed)?
Causes vasodilation and increases permeability, contributing to pain.
What is Bradykinin?
Inflammation subsides, promoting healing.
What is Resolution?