L Types
Arises from immature lymphoid cells in the bone marrow.
Higher incidence in developed countries.
What is Acute Lymphoblastic (ALL)?
Causes bone pain, enlarged lymph nodes & hepatosplenomegaly.
What is Acute Leukemias (ALL & AML)?
Granulocytes and monocytes.
What are cells affected by Myeloid cells?
JAK2 involvement.
Myeloproliferative disorder.
What is Primary Polycythemia?
Decreased erythropoietin.
What is Primary?
Slow accumulation of mature but non-functional lymphocytes.
Develops from B-cells.
What is Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL)?
Also known as SLL.
Often asymptomatic in early stages.
Can cause swollen lymph nodes.
What is Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL)?
Chromosomes combined in Philadelphia gene fusion.
Known as translocation.
What are 9 & 22?
Caused by hypoxia & erythropoietin-secreting tumors.
Low O2, high altitude, sleep apnea, heart disease.
What is Secondary Polycythemia?
Increased erythropoietin.
What is Secondary?
Arises from rapid growth of myeloid cells.
What is Acute Myeloid (AML)?
Causes fatigue, night sweats & splenomegaly.
What is Chronic Myeloid (CML)?
Mutation in stem cells-uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells-infiltration of bone marrow-congestion.
What is Pathophysiology of Leukemia?
Caused by a decrease in plasma volume.
No increase in total RBC mass.
Dehydration, burns, stress.
What is Relative Polycythemia?
Arises from the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL fusion).
Has 3 phases.
What is Chronic Myeloid (CML)?
Most common in adults (average age 65, uncommon <45).
Can happen in children.
What is AML?
What is high WBC, low RBC/platelets?
Promotes uncontrolled RBC, WBC & platelet production.
What is activation of the JAK-STAT pathway?
Most common in children (accounts for 75% of childhood cases).
More common in males.
What is ALL?
Normal range: 3-5%.
Leukemia present: >20%.
What is Bone Marrow Biopsy Results?
Produced by the kidneys.
What is Erythropoietin?