AHAs
AHA's are considered hydrophilic, which means they are attracted to what?
Water
Beta Hydroxy Acids or BHAs are lipid-soluble in contrast to water solubility of AHA's. What are BHA's attracted to?
Polyhydroxy acids are gentler than AHAs and BHAs, making them suitable for what skin condition?
sensitive
What are the 5 skin conditions addressed in the PCA Fundamental Peel Certification?
Aging, Hyperpigmentation, Acne, Sensitivity, Dullness
The four consultation essentials include the following: Intake Forms, Skin Analysis, Diagnostic Lamps, and ___________
Skin Tone and Ancestry (Fitzpatrick Skin Typing)
Glycolic acid is an AHA that can be derived from sugar cane or rhubarb. What makes glycolic so special regarding it's molecular size?
Glycolic acid has the smallest molecular size which can produce more irritation than other AHAs.
The most common BHA is salicylic acid. What are three common sources of SA?
Willow Bark, Sweet Birch, and Wintergreen Leaves
Both Gluconolactone and Lactobionic Acid provide antioxidant and ______ benefits for the skin.
hydration
Visible aging refers to changes in the skin's appearance over time, resulting from the breakdown of its structure and elasticity. This is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While we can't control intrinsic factors, we can manage extrinsic factors to some extent. What is an example of extrinsic aging factors.
Smoking, alcohol consumption, UV radiation
If your guest is unsure of their hereditary background, it is recommended to determine their Fitzpatrick by whether they are likely or unlikely to _________
Burn when exposed to UV radiation
Where does citric acid come from?
Citrus fruits
What skin type benefits most from Salicylic Acid?
Lactobionic Acid is derived from what?
Lactose (milk sugar)
Within the melanocyte, melanin granules begin to form clusters of pigment aka melanosomes. Eumelanin (brown/black) and/or pheomelanin (yellow to red) pigment with the melanosome travel through dendrites (the highways of our skin). With that being said, does a person with a Fitzpatrick Type 1 have LESS melanocytes than a person with a Fitzpatrick Type 6?
No, everyone has the same number of melanocytes. They are either more or less active, producing the coordinating amount of melanin presented as skin tone.
True or False: Skin of color can have a skin tone that represents every number of the Fitzpatrick scale
TRUE
What is the difference between Malic Acid and Mandelic Acid?
Malic Acid is derived from apples; Mandelic Acid is derived from bitter almonds.
Salicylic acid is also known to have ____________ properties, which is why it is also beneficial for inflamed acne.
anti-inflammatory
which PHA provides MORE hydration: Gluconolactone or Lactobionic Acid?
Lactobionic acid is known for its strong humectant properties, often providing more intense hydration.
There are 4 grades of acne. Can you explain what is present in grade II?
A moderate form that is typically localized and presents itself with papules, pustules, and mild erythema.
When assessing the sensitivity scale from 1-10, you may apply another layer of solution if the guest responds with these numbers
1 to 5
Which acid comes from grapes?
Tartaric Acid
Salicylic acid belongs to the same class of drugs as _______ or salicylates, which is why it is contraindicated for those who allergic to the drug.
aspirin
In what year was the Jessner's formula combination first documented in the Journal of the American Medical Association?
1941
What are the three primary causes of dull skin?
Dryness, rough texture, and uneven skin tone
When assessing the sensitivity scale from 1-10, you may NOT apply another layer of solution if the guest responds with these numbers
6 to 10