Fluids and Electrolytes
What is the most common cause of fluid volume deficit?
vomiting and diarrhea
What medication is given in the hospital for a pt with preeclampsia?
Magnesium Sulfate
What is a common assessment to determine the progress of cellulitis?
Draw a line around it
feel trill and hear bruit
What are the 3 P's?
polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria
What physical finding of fluid volume excess occurs when fluid leaks into tissues?
Edema
What is the normal heart rate and respiratory rate for a newborn?
110-160 bpm; 30-40 breaths/min
What is the PPE required for contact precautions?
gown and gloves
What main test is contraindicated in AKI and CKD?
contrast dye and metformin
Common signs of hypoglycemia include...?
Which electrolyte should you monitor neuro symptoms?
Which electrolyte should you monitor the heart?
Sodium; Potassium
What are the positive signs of pregnancy?
visualization of fetus on an ultrasound, examiner palpates fetal movements, examiner palpates or visualizes fetal movement
Risk factors for pneumonia?
immature immune system, compromised immune system, debilitated or weakened condition, cardiac/respiratory conditions, frequent exposure to cigarette smoke, alcohol or drug use
Most CKD pts aren't diagnosed until which stage?
3b
What is the difference between HHS and DKA?
The presence of ketones and acidosis
This electrolyte must be infused slowly and never IV push due to risk of cardiac arrest.
Potassium
an egg or larger
What are the symptoms of Long Covid?
brain fog, pins and needles, changes in smell or taste, depression, anxiety, digestive symptoms, joint or muscular pain, menstrual cycle changes
What would ABGs look like in metabolic acidosis with partial compensation?
pH ↓, CO₂ ↓, HCO₃⁻ ↓
What is the onset, peak, and duration for regular acting insulin?
onset: 30-1 hr
peak: 2-5 hr
duration: 5-8 hr
Which type of IV solution would you give a pt that is hypernatremic and has fluid volume deficit
0.45% NS, this allows you to correct slowly but effectively.
What are the 3 phases of the FIRST stage of labor?
Early or Latent: 0-3 cm dilation; CTXs 5-20 mins apart (irregular), 30 sec duration; excitement &/or apprehension
Active: 4-7 cm dilation; CTXs 2-4 min apart, 60 sec duration; serious &/or dependent; shakes, n/v, increase in BP
Transition: 8-10 cm dilation; CTXs 1-1.5 min apart, 60-90 sec duration; panic, loss of inhibitions; shakes, irritable, loss of control
indigenous people, children younger than 5, pregnancy, immunocompromised (cancer treatment), pregnancy, asthma, diabetes, HIV, AIDS
infection, redness, tenderness, drainage, peritonitis, abd pain, rebound tenderness, cloudy effluent, fever, in-creased WBC, GI diarrhea, vomiting, distention, bowel sounds
Which medication puts a pt at risk for developing type 2 diabetes?
prednisone