Terms 1
Terms 2
Labs
Signs and Symptoms
Medications
100
What does thrombus/thrombosis mean?
A thrombus, or blood clot, develops in a blood vessel and reduces the flow of blood through the vessel.
100
What is ecchymosis?
Discoloration of the skin resulting from seeping of blood within the tissue, typically called bruising.
100
What is classified as thrombocytopenia?
Platelet count less than 150,000.
100
S/s of a venous clot?
DVT-Unilateral edema of extremity, pain, redness/warmth, tenderness
100
What lab needs to be monitored for warfarin (coumadin)?
PT/INR
200
What is an embolus?
Embolism occurs when a piece of a blood clot, foreign object, or other bodily substance becomes stuck in a blood vessel and largely obstructs the flow of blood.
200
What is petechiae?
Pinpoint-sized spots of bleeding under the skin or mucous membranes. May be a small area due to minor trauma or widespread due to a blood-clotting disorder.
200
What is considered as thrombocytosis?
Platelet count greater than 400,000.
200
S/S of PE
SOA, chest pain, cough, anxiety/apprehension, bloody sputum, decreased O2 Sat
200
Name one antiplatelet medication.
Abciximab (ReoPro), Anagrelide (Agrylin), Aspirin, Cilostazol (Pletal), Clopidogrel (Plavix), Dipyridamole (Persantine), Eptifibatide (Integrillin), Ticagrelor (Brilinta), Ticlopidine, Tirofiban (Aggrastat), Vorapaxar (Zontivity)
300
What is thrombocytopenia and how does it affect the body?
Low platelet count and it interferes with platelet aggregation and can result in excess bleeding.
300
What is purpura?
Purple-colored spots and patches that occur on the skin and mucous membranes.
300
What is PT/INR level and what medication is it commonly used for?
Measures that amount of time it takes for the blood to clot. Warfarin (coumadin).
300
What are s/s of an arterial clot?
Stroke-numbness/weakness of face, arm, or leg especially on one side of the body, change in LOC, change in speech, balance/gait impairment, headache.
MI-Chest pain, SOA, diaphoresis, nausea, anxiety, indigestion.
PAD-Cold/pale extremity that is unilateral, numbness/weakness, weak/no pulse, painful cramping in extremity.
300
Name one oral anticoagulant that does not have to have the level monitored.
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) or Apixaban (Eliquis)
400
What is polycythemia and what complication can result from it?
A blood disorder occurring when there are too many red blood cells thus increasing the risk for clot formation.
400
________ clots are more likely to affect the ________ as _________ clots are more likely to affect the _________.
Arterial clots are more likely to affect the brain, heart, and lungs as venous clots are more likely to affect the lower extremities and can travel to the heart and lungs.
400
What is a D-dimer test?
D-dimer is a protein fragment from the breakdown of a blood clot. Blood clots generally start to slowly break down after they are formed, and this process releases D-dimer into the blood.
400
What are FIVE risk factors for developing a clot?
Major surgery (especially orthopedic), immobilization, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, central venous catheter, obesity, >65 years, malignancy, trauma, severe liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, nephrotic syndrome
400
Name TWO injectable anticoagulants.
Fondaparinux (Arixtra), Heparin, Low-molecular weight heparin-Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
500
What is hemarthrosis?
Bleeding into a joint cavity.
500
What are the THREE factors in the Virchow Triad?
Endothelial injury, venous stasis, and hypercoagulable state
500
What level of platelets seriously increases a patient's risk of bleeding?
Bleeding and petechiae rarely occur with platelet counts greater than 50,000/mm3, but excessive bleeding can occur after surgery or other trauma. When platelet counts fall to 20,000/mm3 or less, petechiae may occur. Additionally, nasal and gingival bleeding, excessive menstrual bleeding, and excessive bleeding from surgery or dental extractions can occur. Spontaneous and potentially fatal bleeding in the CNS or GI tract can occur when platelet counts fall to less than 5000/mm3.
500
List FIVE nursing interventions to prevent and/or treat a DVT.
Administer anticoagulants, monitor lab values, measure extremity, monitor for s/s of PE, ambulation, monitor 5P's, monitor skin integrity, treat pain, elevate the extremity, monitor VS.
500
What anticoagulant can be affected by diet and what foods affect it?
Warfarin (coumadin) is affected by Vit. K which is contained in green leafy vegetables.