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But, I'm not a statistic
"I want to get Chocolate Wasted!"
The Crack Pipe
Road to the Methadone Clinic
Don't try this at home
100
The decades (2) in which patient's will most likely become chemical dependent
What are the third and fourth decade (or the 20s-30s). Actually ages 23-33. This is, generally, the time when patient's start to develop their dependancies and continuous screening is important. Care must be taked to address these issue early and provide patients with the resources to help break this dependency.
100
The three common vitamin deficiencies in patients with alcohol dependencies
What are Thiamine (B1), B12 and folate. Thiamine: Very common vitamin deficiency in alcoholics. Can cause Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome if not repleted appropriately. Always give thiamine before glucose in alcoholics to prevent the worsening of the encephalopathy or development of Korsakoff syndrome
100
The solid preprocessed free base form of cocaine that is smoked
What is crack cocaine. Cocaine can be consumed in various different ways depending on the preparation. Water soluble cocaine (cocaine hydrochloride salt) can be swallowed, sniffed (snorted) or injected through IV. Crack cocaine is a solid free based that can be smoked.
100
At least 2 risk factors for opioid dependence
What are single, males living in a metropolitan area between 16-34 yo that visit night clubs frequently. Other risk factors include renters, manual workers, unemployed, or have a disability or limiting illness.
100
The recreational drug that causes conjunctival injection, dry mouth, tachycardia and increased appetite and has been approved for medicinal use in some states.
What is Marijuana. Usually a gateway drug, this is one of the most commonly used drugs in America. Within the last few years, this drug has been the topic of conversation.
200
The overall prevalence of substance abuse and dependence in men and women (separate statistics for both)
What is 20% for Men and 15% for women. Substance use disorders are common: the lifetime prevalence of these syndromes, including alcoholism, is over 20% for men and about 15% for women, with young and mid- dle-aged persons most heavily affected.
200
The rate limiting step to alcohol metabolism
What is alcohol dehydrogenase.
200
This HEENT complication of snorting cocaine causes a whistling sound while the patient breathes.
What is nasal septal perforation.
200
The amount of time it takes a patient to become physically dependent on opioids after continuous use.
What is 1-4 wks (will accept any answer within this time frame). Studies on mouse and rats have shown that adaptations occur in the locus ceruleus following repeated opioid use. These adaptations have been associated with physical dependance and withdrawal. There may also be an alteration in the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems that regulate the stress response and drug seeking behavior.
200
Drug known for the acute onset of assaultiveness, belligerence and vertical/horizontal nystagmus.
What is Phencyclidine Hydrochloride. Other symptoms of PCP intoxication include psychosis, psychomotor agitation, hypertension, ataxia, seizures and delirium.
300
It is between these two ages that people generally experience their first intoxication
What is 14-18 yo
300
The two receptors that ethyl alcohol affects and how.
What are GABAa (activates) and NMDA glutamate (inhibits). The activation of GABA receptors and inhibition of NMDA receptors is the reason alcohol is a depressant.
300
A musculoskeletal complication of cocaine abuse that also causes acute kidney injury
What is Rhabdomyolysis.
300
At least two medical complications of opioid overdose
What are constipation, respiratory depression, altered mental status or nausea.
300
The drug that causes euphoria and has a risk of placental abruption in pregnant women.
What is cocaine.
400
The direction of cocaine use between 1980s to 1990s (up/down/no change)
What is down. The estimated prevalence of cocaine abuse among persons > 12 years old in United States peaked in 1985 at 3% population (5.7 million cocaine users) then decreased to 0.7% (1.5 million) from 1992 to 1997 (National Institute on Drug Abuse research report 2009
400
Another name for alcohol withdrawal delirium and at least three characteristics
What is Delirium Tremens (DTs) and the common characteristics include disorientation and confusion, hallucinations, tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, and fever. Withdrawal symptoms typically present in patients that have been drinking 4-5 alcoholic beverages/day for >1mo. Withdrawal symptoms can be as mild as tremors and anxiety or as severe and life-threatening as DT. Current therapy for includes benzodiazepines scheduled or PRN.
400
This class of medications can help reduce the anxiety, agitation, seizures, hypertension and tachyarrhythmias associated with cocaine overdose.
What are benzodiazepines. Usually diazepam or lorazepam. Benzodiazepines can also be used for hyperthermia associated with cocaine use (by reducing the anxiety and seizures).
400
The presence of these three viral illnesses should be evaluated in a patient with known heroin use.
What are HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Because users of IV drugs tend to share or reuse needles, the incidence of HIV and Hepatitis in this population is elevated.
400
A drug that heightens sensations and produces delusions, visual hallucinations, pupillary dilation and flashbacks when taken.
What is LSD.
500
The number of opiate abusers world wide
What is 15.6 million (acceptable answers range from 13-18 million). There are an estimated 15.6 million illicit opioid users worldwide, including 11 million heroin users (WHO)
500
A common electrolyte disturbance in alcoholics that is associated with both hypokalemia and hypocalcemia
What is hypomagnesemia. Whether it be from nutritional deficiencies or loss of Mg in the urine, alcoholics have a higher rate of hypomagnesemia than the general population. That said, this causes a decrease in PTH release (hypocalcemia) and it is unclear the relation between the Mg and K , but loss in urine is speculated.
500
Cocaine as well as this class of drugs are associated with increased risk of stroke.
What are amphetamines. Cross sectional study found in Gen Psychiatry 2007 determined that cocaine and amphetamine are both associated with an increased risk of stroke.
500
The diagnosis made in a known IV drug abuser with a new heart murmur.
What is endocarditis. Patients can present with fever, fatigue, weight loss, myalgias and sweating and will think they have the flu. However, on physical exam, you could find petechiae, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions (painless, macular lesion on palms and soles), Osler nodes (painful, nodules on toes and fingers), Roth spots (exudative lesion on retina), and neurological complaints.
500
Only recently getting attention by authorities in the US, this drug class has a similar effect to cocaine and amphetamines and can not be detected by urine toxicology screens and drug sniffing dogs.
What are bath salts (synthetic cathinones).