Laxatives
Overall, around 10 L of fluid enters GI, approximately how much ends up leaving GI?
0.1 L
Name one of the mechanisms of action of metoclopramide.
- serotonin receptor agonist
- serotonin receptor antagonist
- dopamine receptor antagonist
- facilitates ACh release
What is the only continent without an active volcano?
Australia
T/F: H2 receptor antagonists have rapid and adequate absorption from GI tract.
True
Which medication is highly recommended to be used in combination with NSAIDs to treat gout?
allopurinol
T/F: In general, soluble and easily fermentable fibers are most effective in increasing stool bulk and transit.
F
Which enzyme are bethanechol and carbachol resistant to?
acetylcholinesterase
Which ancient culture is credited with developing the first toothpaste, using crushed ox hooves?
Ancient Egypt
What is the principal MOA for antacids?
Reduction of intragastric acidity
T/F: Gout is usually caused by overproduction rather than underexcretion of urate.
F, it is usually caused by underexcretion rather than overproduction of urate
Name one of the patient populations that should take caution before using saline cathartics.
1) renal insufficiency
2) cardiac disease
3) concomitant diuretic therapy
What is the prokinetic use of erythromycin?
diabetic gastroparesis
What is the value of pi (π) to four decimal places?
3.1415
Why is there a risk of hip fracture in patients taking long-term PPIs?
PPIs may reduce calcium absorption or inhibit osteoclast function
What is the BBW for Lesinurad?
increases risk of renal failure
Long term use of Entereg may increase risk of what?
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
What is a contraindication of tegaserod?
history of myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or angina
What was the first toy advertised on television?
Mr. Potato Head
Why should sucralfate be taken on an empty stomach one hour before meals?
It is activated by acid
Which medication is indicated for management of of elevated uric acid levels in patients with leukemia and lymphoma, but is not indicated in therapy of gout?
Rasburicase
What is the MOA for anthraquinones?
What is the term for waves of electrical activity that start in the stomach and/or duodenum and sweep through the intestines in a regular cycle during fasting?
Migrating Myoelectric Complex (MMC)
Which country is home to the world’s oldest known cave paintings?
Indonesia
PPIs bind covalently with the cysteine sulfhydryl groups of which enzyme?
H+/K+/ATPase
How does colchicine interfere with PMN cell division?
by inhibiting microtubule and spindle formation