PCR & Gene Amplification

PCR

100

The three steps of PCR

1. Denaturation

2. Annealing

3. Extension 

200

What happens in annealing?

The reaction is cooled so that the primers can bind to sequences on the single- stranded template DNA

300

Name two things PCR can be used for

Sent for sequencing and digested with restriction enzymes 

400

How is PCR used in forensics?

helps to profile DNA and amplify/ multiply a specific gene 

500

What is Taq Polymerase and why is it important?

it is used to synthesize new strands of DNA in PCR. The enzyme doesn't break down at the high temperatures necessary for copying DNA using a PCR. It attaches nucleotides to DNA template.

Gene Amp

100

The most prone genes to amplification 

cancer cells

200

the increase in a number of copies of a gene sequence

amplification 

300

what happens as a result of gene amplification?

there is an increase in RNA and protein made from that gene

400

name two kind of cancers in which gene amplification are found in:

breast, ovary, lunch, head, neck, and gastronial tract

500

what are the most common type genes amplified in human cancers?

Oncogenes

Wild

100

what would be the effect on PCR reaction if any of the following circumstances arose: 

a) there are no primers in the reaction 

b) there are no dNTPs in the reaction c) there is no Taq polymerase in the reaction 

d) The PCR reaction will not commence 

The PCR reaction will not commence 

200

In principle what outcome would be least expected in failure to separate pre- PCR and post- PCR activates? 

increased reliability of PCR results. A mixture of template DNA resulting from contamination could lead to mixed or non-specific results. It is difficult to conceive of a situation in which such an arrangement would increase the reliability of PCR results.

300

When DNA copies are multiplied at a rapid rate, this is referred to as a...

exponential 

400

Nucleotide triphosphate are added to the growing DNA strand during the ...

extension/ elongation. Strand complementary to the DNA template strand by adding dNTPs that are complementary to the template in 5' to 3' direction

500

Double stranded DNA denaturation with specified limit of temperature is ...

reversible reaction