Core 1
To measure patterns and causes of health and disease in populations.
What is the primary purpose of epidemiology?
Which energy system is dominant in a 400m sprint?
A) ATP-PC
B) Lactic acid
C) Aerobic
D) Phosphocreatine
Answer: B) Lactic acid
Three Stages of Skill Acquisition.
The cognitive stage, the associative stage, and the autonomous stage.
Which of the following injuries requires immobilisation in the position it was found?
A) Sprain
B) Fracture
C) Dislocation
D) Strain
Answer: C) Dislocation
What is the only country to have won the FIFA World Cup while hosting the tournament and never lost a single match in the competition’s history?
Answer: Uruguay (Won in 1930 as hosts and has never lost a World Cup match on home soil.)
The social justice principles of equity, diversity, and supportive environments are key in addressing health inequities.
True or False
True
True or False
Carbohydrate loading is most effective for events lasting under 60 seconds.
Answer: False
(It's most effective for endurance events over 90 minutes.)
Peaking should occur during the taper phase of a training program. True or False
Answer:False
(Peaking occurs after tapering, during performance.)
True or False
Children are more prone to overuse injuries due to growth plates (epiphyseal plates).
Answer: True
Which element on the periodic table has the highest melting point?
Answer: Tungsten (W) — melting point about 3422°C (6192°F)
Which of the following is not a role of the Federal Government in addressing Australia's health priorities?
A) Funding Medicare
B) Running local health promotion campaigns
C) Setting national health priorities
D) Subsidising pharmaceuticals under the PBS
Answer: B) Running local health promotion campaigns
Which physiological adaptation is most directly responsible for improved VO₂ max?
A) Increased muscle hypertrophy
B) Increased mitochondrial density
C) Decreased lactic acid production
D) Enhanced flexibility
Answer: B) Increased mitochondrial density
Which training type is most effective for improving lactate threshold in a 1500m runner?
A) Continuous training
B) Static stretching
C) Interval training
D) Plyometrics
Answer: C) Interval training
Which of the following best describes thermoregulation in elderly athletes?
A) Faster heat dissipation
B) Increased sweat rate
C) Reduced peripheral circulation
D) Lower risk of dehydration
Answer: C) Reduced peripheral circulation
In what year was the first photograph ever taken, and who took it?
Answer: 1826, Nicéphore Niépce
Which data type best evaluates the effectiveness of a new diabetes prevention program?
A) Prevalence
B) Mortality
C) Incidence
D) Life expectancy
Answer: C) Incidence
(Because incidence shows new cases — ideal for assessing prevention effectiveness.)
Which physiological adaptation most improves lactate removal during submaximal exercise?
A) Increased haemoglobin levels
B) Increased cardiac output
C) Increased capillarisation
D) Increased muscle hypertrophy
Answer: C) Increased capillarisation
(This enhances oxygen delivery and waste removal, aiding lactate clearance.)
Which is the most sport-specific recovery strategy for an elite swimmer post-race?
A) Contrast water therapy
B) Carbohydrate loading
C) Ice massage
D) Static stretching
Answer: A) Contrast water therapy
What does RICER mean?
R – Rest
Avoid movement or activity that could worsen the injury.
I – Ice
Apply ice packs (20 minutes every 2 hours) to reduce swelling and pain.
C – Compression
Use a compression bandage to minimise swelling and support the injured area.
E – Elevation
Raise the injured limb above heart level to help reduce swelling.
R – Referral
Seek professional medical advice (e.g., physiotherapist or doctor) for diagnosis and treatment planning.
What is the name of the deepest known point in the Earth’s oceans?
Answer: The Challenger Deep (part of the Mariana Trench)
Which of the following best explains why Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experience higher rates of chronic disease compared to non-Indigenous Australians?
A) Genetic predisposition only
B) Greater access to health services
C) Social determinants including socioeconomic disadvantage and reduced access to culturally appropriate healthcare
D) Higher participation in physical activity
Answer: C) Social determinants including socioeconomic disadvantage and reduced access to culturally appropriate healthcare
During high-intensity exercise, which physiological mechanism primarily causes the onset of fatigue?
A) Depletion of muscle glycogen stores
B) Accumulation of lactic acid leading to decreased pH and enzyme activity
C) Dehydration
D) Increased oxygen delivery to muscles
Answer: B) Accumulation of lactic acid leading to decreased pH and enzyme activity
Which training principle ensures that training intensity is gradually increased to avoid injury while improving fitness?
A) Specificity
B) Progression
C) Overtraining
D) Variety
Answer: B) Progression
What is the main reason why the RICER protocol is recommended immediately after a soft tissue injury?
A) To speed up the inflammatory response
B) To reduce swelling and limit secondary tissue damage
C) To increase blood flow to the injured area
D) To strengthen the injured muscle
Answer: B) To reduce swelling and limit secondary tissue damage
Which mathematician is credited with the invention of calculus independently alongside Isaac Newton?
Answer: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz