Patho
What causes a pulmonary embolism?
A blood clot blocking blood flow to lung tissue
What is the most common origin of a PE?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the leg
What is the most frequent symptom of PE?
Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
What blood test checks for the breakdown of clots?
D-Dimer
What position helps promote ventilation for a PE patient?
Semi-Fowler’s position
What happens to pulmonary pressure during a PE?
It increases (pulmonary hypertension)
What triad describes the three major causes of PE?
Virchow’s Triad
What type of chest pain is common in PE?
Sudden, pleuritic chest pain
What medication prevents new clots from forming?
Anticoagulants (e.g., Heparin, Warfarin, LMWH)
What should nurses monitor when giving Heparin?
aPTT and platelet count
What part of the heart works harder during a PE?
The right side of the heart
A patient with cancer and dehydration is at higher risk for PE due to what Virchow’s Triad component?
Hypercoagulability
Name two severe signs of PE
Shock and sudden death
What medications are given to dissolve clots quickly?
Thrombolytics (e.g., Alteplase)
Name three warning signs that patients should report immediately.
Bleeding, red/brown urine, black stools, leg swelling, chest pain, coughing up blood