Theoretical Models
What are the 2 theoretical models
Social Ecological Model
Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model
List one barrier and one enabler to physical activity
Enabler: motor skill competence, social support, time, motivation, accessibility
Barriers: time constraints, health, work, lack of motivation, lack of energy, lack of support, lack of facilities, cost, weather, safety
List the different forms of physical activity
Play
Games
Organised Sports
Transportation
Exercise
Chores
Recreational
How much of the blood is made up of plasma?
55%
What is an agonist and an antagonist?
Agonist: The prime mover (shortens)
Antagonist: A muscle preforming an opposite action to the agonist (lengthening)
Name each level of the SEM
Individual
Social Environment
Physical Environment
Policy & Organisational
What are the Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for children and young people (5-17)?
Break up long periods of sitting and no more than 2 hours of recreational screen time each day
What is incidental physical activity? Give an example
Incidental physical activity is unstructured activity accumulated throughout the day.
Doing housework, playing with a pet, using the stairs instead of the elevator
What is the order of the respiratory structure?
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
In a leg extension which muscle is the antagonist and which is the agonist?
Antagonist: Hamstrings
Agonist: Quadriceps
What are the 3 factors of the YPAP model?
Predisposing Factors
Reinforcing Factors
Enabling Factors
List one social, mental and physical benefit of physical activity
Physical: Improved cardiovascular function, improved muscular strength and endurance, increased energy levels, increased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
Mental: Greater self-esteem, lower levels of anxiety, improved brain function, improved concentration, improved neuroplasticity of the brain
Social: Enhanced engagement, enhanced interaction with the community, increased sense of belonging, enhanced social networks, decreased social isolation
Describe one chronic condition you could develop from physical inactivity?
Type 2 diabetes this occurs when the body is unable to produce insulin which results in too much sugar in the blood.
Obesity is classified as having an abnormal fat accumulation which can cause harm to an individuals health, it can be identified by a person having a BMI over 30.
What is A-VO2 diff?
It is the difference in oxygen levels in the arteries and veins
What are the three types of muscle actions?
Isokinetic
Isometric
Isoinertial
List one strategy targeted at each level of the SEM
Individual: Educational programs, enhance people's goal setting abilities, mass media campaigns, use incentives
Social: Walking groups, run social events, run family exercise sessions
Physical: Providing access to facilities, improving lighting on walking trails, providing equipment
Policy: Extending lunch breaks at school, lowering speed limits around schools, subsidise gym memberships
What are ALL the NPAG for children and young people (5-17)?
F: activity every day
I: moderate to vigorous
T: 60 minutes each day
T: Muscle and bone strengthening activities at least 3 days a week
What is the difference between a subjective and objective measure? Identify an example of each
Subjective measures are dependent on a self report from a subject, where objective is measures are external to the subject.
Subjective: Diary/log, questionnaire, recall survey
Objective: Heart rate, accelerometer, pedometer
What is cardiac output and stroke volume?How are they related to one another?
Cardiac Output is the amount of blood pumped from the heart/ventricle each minute. Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped from the heart/ventricle with each beat. Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying stroke volume with heart rate.
What is an isoinertial movement? Give an example
An exercise that maintains a constant inertia, weight is placed on an extremity and is put through the range of motion. It involves both a concentric and an eccentric contraction, where the muscle shortens (con.) and then lengthens (ecc.). An example of this would be a leg extension or a bicep curl.