Pharm
which of the following is a common route of administration for local anesthetics?
A. Topical
B. Transdermal
C. Infiltration
D. Nerve Block
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following special tests assesses the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
a) Lachman Test
b) Valgus Stress Test
c) McMurray Test
d) Posterior Drawer Test
a) Lachman Test
What is a key difference between a benign and malignant tumor?
a) Benign tumors metastasize readily, while malignant tumors do not.
b) Benign tumors are encapsulated and non-invasive, while malignant tumors are invasive and can metastasize.
c) Benign tumors grow rapidly, while malignant tumors grow slowly.
d) Benign tumors have marked vascularity, while malignant tumors have little to no vascularity
b) Benign tumors are encapsulated and non-invasive, while malignant tumors are invasive and can metastasize.
What is the main goal of medical risk reduction in cardiac pharmacology?
a) Increase heart rate
b) Increase myocardial workload
c) Manage chronic arrhythmias
d) Lower blood pressure
c) Manage chronic arrhythmias
which of the following is a primary effect of statin drugs?
A. Increase LDL cholesterol
B. Decrease LDL cholesterol
C. Increase triglyceride levels
D. Increase VLDL cholesterol
B. Decrease LDL cholesterol
According to the sources, which of the following is a common adverse effect of opioid medications?
A. Increased appetite
B. Constipation
C. Increased energy
D. Diarrhea
B. Constipation
What does the FAIR test assess?
a) Length of the gluteus medius
b) Symptom reproduction when the piriformis muscle is stretched
c) Mobility of the hip joint
d) Integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament
b) Symptom reproduction when the piriformis muscle is stretched
Which of the following is a characteristic of a focal onset seizure?
a) Seizure activity starts throughout the entire brain
b) Always involves a loss of consciousness
c) Clinical or EEG evidence of a local onset
d) Always involves tonic-clonic movements
c) Clinical or EEG evidence of a local onset
(s/s of focal onset: Focal onset seizures can present with various symptoms depending on the affected area of the brain. Sensory symptoms can include autonomic changes, emotional changes, cognitive changes, paresthesia, numbness, vertigo, and hallucinations. Motor symptoms may involve atonia, clonic activity, tonic contractions, or spasm.)
What is a characteristic of a 'compensated' heart failure?
a) No compensatory strategy by the myocardium
b) Usually indicates a severely progressed disease/poor outcome
c) Able to tolerate moderate activity
d) Pulmonary Edema
c) Able to tolerate moderate activity
which of the following is a primary effect of ACE inhibitors?
A. Decrease the formation of angiotensin II
B. Increase the formation of angiotensin II
C. Increase the production of renin
D. Block angiotensin II receptors
A. Decrease the formation of angiotensin II
According to the sources, which of the following is a common sign of overdosing on thyroid replacement medications?
A. Bradycardia
B. Tachycardia
C. Cold intolerance
D. Muscle weakness
B. Tachycardia
What does the "Too many toes sign" indicate during a posture assessment?
a) Femoral retroversion
b) Femoral rotation
c) Tibial rotation
d) Foot eversion
d) Foot eversion
What is a common symptom of autonomic dysreflexia that can occur with spinal cord injuries above T6?
a) Loss of temperature control
b) Decreased heart rate
c) Increased blood pressure
d) A and C
e) A and B
f) B and C
d) A and C
What is the primary purpose of the "huff" cough technique?
a) To strengthen the diaphragm
b) To increase inspiratory capacity
c) To loosen secretions and induce coughing
d) To reduce pain during coughing
c) To loosen secretions and induce coughing
which of the following is a potential adverse effect of digitalis toxicity?
A. Arrhythmias
B. Bradycardia
C. Increased appetite
D. Increased energy
A. Arrhythmias
which of the following is a common indication for the use of diuretics?
A. Angina
B. Hypertension
C. Migraine
D. Raynaud's
B. Hypertension
Which of the following is a purpose of the Figure 8 Girth Assessment?
a) To assess the girth of the foot muscles
b) To assess for ankle ROM
c) To assess the mobility of the ankle joint
d) To assess girth of the ankle joint
d) To assess girth of the ankle joint
Which of the following is a key diagnostic criterion for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
a) Increased deep tendon reflexes
b) Progressive weakness in more than one extremity
c) Decreased protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid
d) Rapid onset of symptoms with full recovery within 2 weeks
b) Progressive weakness in more than one extremity
Which of the following best describes Rales/Crackles?
a) A continuous musical sound produced by airflow resistance in the airways
b) An obstruction of the trachea or larynx, that can be heard at a distance without a stethoscope.
c) A coarse, grating sound like an old leather couch heard during inspiration and expiration
d) Sounds like rubbing hair between fingers, non musical, and caused by alveoli "snapping" open
d) Sounds like rubbing hair between fingers, non musical, and caused by alveoli "snapping" open
A patient performs a 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and covers a distance of 420 meters. The patient is a 72 year old male. Based on the information provided in the sources, how would you classify his test results?
a) Above average for his age range
b) Within normal range for his age range.
c) Below average for his age range.
d) Significantly below average for his age range.
Answer Key: c) Below average for his age range.
A 72 year old male completing 420 meters is below the normal range for his age. Therefore, option c) is correct.
Additional Information:
The 6MWT is a sub-maximal exercise test designed to measure endurance and aerobic capacity.
Normal ranges for the 6MWT:
Men 70-74 years: 498-622 meters
Men 75-79 years: 430-585 meters
which of the following is an adverse effect of nonselective beta-blockers that may cause concern during a physical therapy session?
A. Increased heart rate
B. Bronchoconstriction
C. Increased maximal exercise capacity
D. Increased libido
B. Bronchoconstriction
A patient performs a Straight Leg Raise (SLR) test, and during the test, they report experiencing pain radiating down their leg. The pain is relieved when the examiner lowers the leg, what may this outcome suggest?
a) The patient has a muscle strain in the hamstrings.
b) The patient has a fracture in their lower leg.
c) The patient may have nerve sensitivity or neurodynamic mobility issues, possibly indicating a disc herniation or nerve root irritation in the lumbar spine.
d) The patient has sacroiliac joint dysfunction
c) The patient may have nerve sensitivity or neurodynamic mobility issues, possibly indicating a disc herniation or nerve root irritation in the lumbar spine.
Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of Stage III HIV (AIDS)?
a) Asymptomatic period with normal ADLs
b) CD4 count between 200-500 cells/mm3 and nonspecific symptoms
c) Myopathy, muscle wasting, and CNS involvement
d) Self-limiting infectious illness with flu-like symptoms
c) Myopathy, muscle wasting, and CNS involvement
A patient's Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is measured at 0.6. Which of the following best describes this result?
a) Normal arterial blood flow in the lower extremities.
b) Acceptable arterial blood flow in the lower extremities.
c) Moderate obstruction of arterial blood flow in the lower extremities.
d) Severe obstruction of arterial blood flow in the lower extremities
c) Moderate obstruction of arterial blood flow in the lower extremities.
Normal: 1.0 - 1.4. This suggests no artery blockage
Acceptable: 0.9 - 1.0. This indicates a borderline blockage where peripheral arteries may be starting to narrow
Some arterial disease: 0.8 - 0.9.
Moderate obstruction: 0.5 - 0.81.
Severe obstruction: < 0.
Open ended question:
what are the stages hypertension?
Normal: Sys: <120 Dyst: <80
Elevated: Sys: 120-129 Dyst: <80
High BP (Hypertension stage 1): Sys: 130-139 Dyst: 80-89
High BP (Hypertension stage 2): Sys: >140 Dyst:>90
High BP (Hypertensive crisis): Sys: >180 Dyst: >120