P&O
A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with a transfemoral amputation for an appropriate prosthetic knee unit. Which feature of a polycentric knee joint provides the greatest benefit during the early stance phase?
A) Reduced weight compared to single-axis hinges
B) Greater stability due to multiple pivot points
C) Increased knee flexion for improved swing clearance
D) Simplified mechanical design for ease of use
B) Greater stability due to multiple pivot point
A physical therapist is performing joint mobilizations on a patient with restricted cervical range of motion. Which grade of mobilization is most appropriate if the primary goal is pain relief?
A) Grade I and II
B) Grade III and IV
C) Grade V
D) High-velocity low-amplitude thrust
A) Grade I and I
A patient age > 50 yo, family history of colon cancer, change in bowel habits, unintentional weight loss, GI bleeding, bowel obstruction, abdominal pain, back/pelvic pain unchanged with movement are red flags for what condition?
o a) Femoral fracture
o b) Colon Cancer
o c) Avascular necrosis
o d) Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
o b) Colon Cancer
Which legislation provides provisions for pediatric physical therapy services?
A) The Affordable Care Act
B) The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
C) The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
D) The No Child Left Behind Act
B) The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
physical therapist is working with a 5-year-old child who has spina bifida and is having difficulty with gross motor coordination. Which of the following strategies would be most effective in promoting motor skills in this child?
a) Use of rhythmic stabilization exercises to improve trunk control
b) Providing a treadmill for walking practice to improve coordination
c) Limiting floor activities to encourage upper extremity strength
d) Focusing on fine motor skills to promote functional independence
a) Use of rhythmic stabilization exercises to improve trunk control
A patient with a transfemoral amputation reports difficulty with rotational movements while walking on uneven terrain. Which prosthetic component is most likely to reduce shear stress on the residual limb?
A) Hydraulic knee unit
B) Manual locking knee
C) Energy-storing foot
D) Rotator incorporated in the shank
D) Rotator incorporated in the shank
Which special test is most appropriate for assessing a suspected supraspinatus tear?
A) Hawkins-Kennedy Test
B) Drop Arm Test
C) Speed’s Test
D) O’Brien’s Test
B) Drop Arm Test
What is a common clinical manifestation of a femoral head and neck fracture?
A) Increased mobility
B) Pain and local tenderness in the groin, greater trochanteric, and/or buttock regions
C) Lengthened limb
D) Decreased pain with weight-bearing
B) Pain and local tenderness in the groin, greater trochanteric, and/or buttock region
What does the "GMFM-66" specifically measure?
A) Gross motor function in children with Autism
B) Gross motor function in children with Down Syndrome
C) Gross motor function in children with Cerebral Palsy
D) Gross motor function in children with Spina Bifida
C) Gross motor function in children with Cerebral Palsy
A physical therapist is assessing a 6-month-old infant for gross motor development. The infant demonstrates limited head control when placed in a sitting position and does not roll from prone to supine. The therapist notes that these milestones are delayed compared to typical development. Which of the following conditions is most likely contributing to this delay?
a) Developmental coordination disorder
b) Cerebral palsy
c) Down syndrome
d) Autism spectrum disorder
b) Cerebral palsy
A patient is being fitted for a transfemoral prosthesis with a microprocessor-controlled knee. What primary advantage does this technology provide compared to a standard mechanical knee?
A) Adjusts resistance in real time based on movement patterns
B) Allows for passive knee stability without external sensors
C) Eliminates the need for a suspension system
D) Requires less frequent battery charging compared to a friction-based knee
A) Adjusts resistance in real time based on movement patterns
What is a common symptom of thoracic outlet syndrome?
A) Sharp pain with deep breathing
B) Paresthesias, pain, tingling in the arm
C) Midline tenderness at the level of a fracture
D) Stiffness in the thoracic region
B) Paresthesias, pain, tingling in the arm
Which of the following is the key difference between T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI images?
A) T1 images highlight water, while T2 images highlight fat.
B) T1 images are better for evaluating soft tissues, while T2 images are better for visualizing bone.
C) T1 images provide better anatomical detail, while T2 images highlight areas of inflammation or edema.
D) T1 images are used to assess tumors, while T2 images are used to assess bone fractures.
C) T1 images provide better anatomical detail, while T2 images highlight areas of inflammation or edem
Which of the following is true about the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS)?
A) It is a 10-item test used to assess fine motor function in children.
B) It is a 14-item test used to assess balance in children.
C) It is a 16-item test used to assess gross motor function in children.
D) It is a 12-item test used to assess cognitive function in children.
B) It is a 14-item test used to assess balance in children.
A 4-year-old child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is displaying difficulty with social interactions and verbal communication. The physical therapist is working on improving social skills in group settings. Which of the following strategies is MOST likely to be effective?
a) Use structured, repetitive activities with specific roles for each child
b) Encourage spontaneous verbal interactions during play
c) Promote social interactions through unstructured free play without guidance
d) Focus on sensory integration activities to improve communication
a) Use structured, repetitive activities with specific roles for each child
When fitting a transfemoral prosthesis, why is the knee axis aligned slightly posterior to the trochanter-knee-ankle (TKA) line?
A) To promote knee flexion during midstance
B) To enhance stability during stance while allowing flexion in terminal stance
C) To increase the range of knee extension
D) To reduce overall knee stability at midstance
B) To enhance stability during stance while allowing flexion in terminal stance
Which special test is used to assess for medial epicondylalgia?
A) Mill's Test
B) Maudsley's Test
C) Resisted Wrist Flexion
D) Cozen's Test
C) Resisted Wrist Flexion
What is a strategy PTs teach women to help maintain continence during pregnancy?
A) Holding their breath during movements.
B) Avoiding pelvic floor muscle engagement.
C) Learning strategies in movements and not holding their breath.
D) Restricting fluid intake.
C) Learning strategies in movements and not holding their breath
What is the most common heart defect during the neonatal period?
A) Pulmonary stenosis
B) Aortic stenosis
C) Atrial septal defect (ASD)
D) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
D) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
A physical therapist is working with a child who has muscular dystrophy. The child demonstrates weakness in the hip and shoulder muscles, and the therapist is working on strengthening exercises. Which of the following is the most important consideration when developing a therapeutic exercise program for this child?
a) Focus on maximal resistance training to increase muscle strength
b) Use low-intensity, high-repetition exercises to minimize muscle damage
c) Emphasize aerobic exercises to improve cardiovascular endurance
d) Include high-impact activities to strengthen bone density
b) Use low-intensity, high-repetition exercises to minimize muscle damage
A physical therapist is educating a patient on suspension options for a transfemoral prosthesis. Which statement best describes the mechanism of suction suspension?
A) A neoprene sleeve provides external compression to hold the limb in place
B) A pin and shuttle lock system secures the limb inside the socket
C) Air is expelled through a distal valve while the proximal socket forms a sealed system
D) An elastic waist belt ensures stability by restricting prosthetic movement
C) Air is expelled through a distal valve while the proximal socket forms a sealed system
Which structure is commonly involved in lateral epicondylalgia (tennis elbow)?
A) Flexor carpi radialis
B) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
C) Ulnar collateral ligament
D) Pronator teres
B) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Which imaging modality provides detailed soft tissue contrast and is commonly used to assess the brain, spine, and joints?
A) Computed Tomography (CT)
B) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
C) Radiography
D) Scintigraphy (Bone Scan)
B) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
A 3-year-old child with cerebral palsy is having difficulty maintaining sitting balance due to weak trunk muscles. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate to improve this child’s sitting stability?
a) Encourage the child to stand with assistance
b) Provide a seated support surface to stabilize the trunk
c) Use a walking assistive device to promote weight-bearing
d) Practice walking while holding the child’s hands for support
b) Provide a seated support surface to stabilize the trun
A 2-year-old child presents with frequent falls and difficulty navigating stairs. Upon evaluation, the physical therapist notes poor postural control and delayed motor milestones. The child has a family history of similar symptoms. Which of the following genetic conditions is MOST likely contributing to these symptoms?
a) Fragile X syndrome
b) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
c) Marfan syndrome
d) Down syndrome
b) Duchenne muscular dystrophy