Pediatric Vitals & Norms
What is the normal respiratory rate for a toddler (1–2 years)?
22-37 breaths per minute
What are the three components of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)?
Appearance, Work of Breathing, Circulation to Skin
What glucose level indicates hypoglycemia in a child?
Less than 70 mg/dl
What is a red flag for potential child abuse?
Injuries in various stages of healing
What is the APGAR score used for?
Assessing newborn condition at 1 and 5 minutes post-birth
What systolic BP is the minimum acceptable for a 6-year-old?
70 + (age × 2) → 82 mmHg
What does the "G" in GOTSMIL stand for?
Gaze
What is the best BLS intervention for a pediatric seizure?
Protect the airway and prevent injury
What type of fracture is commonly associated with child abuse?
Spiral fracture
What is the first step in neonatal resuscitation if the baby is not crying?
Dry, warm, position airway, stimulate
What is the expected heart rate for a school-age child (6–12 years)?
75-118 bpm
What does an abnormal "appearance" in the PAT most likely suggest?
Neurological or metabolic issue
What condition presents with wheezing, accessory muscle use, and poor air movement?
Asthma
Burns in a clear line across the buttocks suggest what?
Immersion burn — likely abuse
What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for infant CPR with two rescuers?
15:2
What is the expected heart rate range for a newborn?
100–205 bpm
What is a “poor tone” an indicator of during PAT assessment?
Decompensation or severe illness
A child has a high fever, drooling, and is sitting in a tripod position. What’s suspected?
Epiglottitis
What should EMS do when abuse is suspected?
Report to appropriate authorities/mandated reporting
What is a normal respiratory rate range for a newborn?
30-60
What is the normal capillary refill time in children?
Less than 2 seconds
What is the first step when using PAT on scene?
Observe the child from a distance (no touch)
What is the most appropriate first-line medication for a febrile seizure?
Benzo's (Versed, etc)
What is the significance of bruising behind the ears in a child with trauma?
Battle’s sign — suspect basilar skull fracture
What is meconium and why does it matter in neonates?
First stool — if aspirated, can cause respiratory distress