slides
3,4,5,8,9,13,14
3,4,5,8,9,13,14
at 3rd week of gestation (15 to 21 days) there is formation of cardiogenic zones and the straight heart tube, what are they
first heart field: atria, L & R ventricles
second heart field: atria, R ventricles, ventricular outflow tracts
what is the most common congenital heart defect? describe it's clinical features
ventricular septal defect
majority are asymptomatic
holosystolic mumur left lower sternal border
large VSD can cause CHF
what is coarctation of the aorta?
narrowing of the aorta
high blood pressure before the point of coractation, low blood pressure beyond the point of coarctation
causes an oxygen saturation differential
has diminished lower extremity pulses
what are the 3 mechanisms of acquired disease?
myocardial disease (conduction)
pericardial disease (fluid)
endocardial disease (valves)
what are clinical signs of CHF
Tachycardia
▫ Tachypnea
▫ Retractions
▫ Wheezing
▫ Nasal flaring
▫ S3 gallop
▫ Hepatomegaly
Diaphoresis
▫ Decreased weight for age-
Failure to Thrive
▫ Pallor
▫ Cool skin
▫ Mottling
▫ Rarely
Rales,
JVD,
EdemA
at the 4th week of gestation there is completion of the _______ called the __-loop
looping
d-loop
what is tetralogy of fallot
most common cyanotic heart lesion
decreased pulmonary blood flow
right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
a right to left shunt causes
cyanosis
what is kawasaki disease?
syndrome of acquired heart disease
high persistent fever
maculopapular rash
strawberry tongue
bleeding lips
erythema and induration of palms and soles of feet
high risk for formation of giant coronary artery aneurysyms
what is the purpose of a holter monitor
diagnostic approach to dysrhythmias\used for 24hr
at the 5th week of gestation what system develops in the heart
condution
how do you manage a large ventricular septal defect
increased caloric intake
anti congestive medication
surgery at 4-6mo for patch closure
cyanosis is perceived when there is 3-5g of what present in capillaries
unsaturated hemoglobin
what is commotio cordis
mechanical depolarization leads to release of sodium
done during a t-wave
how long is a transtelephonic monitor used for
one month
the placenta is ___% saturated and provides the oxygenated blood via what pathway
70%
umbilical vein -> ductus venosus -> inferior vena cava
what are the clinical features of an atrial septal defect?
asymptomatic
systolic mumur of left upper sternal border, increased blood flow across pulmonary valve
wide fixed split s2
cardiomegaly
CHF (rare)
tet spell
what are 7 symptoms of hemodynamic impairment
respiratory distress (nasal flaring)
palpitations
dizziness or syncome
chest pain
excessive diaphoresis (excessive sweating)
cardiovascular collapse
cyanosis
the left ventricle (65% oxygen saturation) delivers output to what structures
heart, brain, upper extremity
how is patent ductus arteriosus managed?
anti congestive medication
surgical ligation
transcatheter closure
what is transposition of the great arteries?
most common congenital cyanotic heart defect presented in the first 24 hrs of life
the pulmonary artery and aorta have changed places
aorta now caries deoxygenated blood
what is syncope
loss of consciousness and postural tone