Show:
Congenital Anomalies
I'll slow you down
Physio"what"ogy
Fascinoma
EKG Changes
This and that
100

4 heart defects associated with Tetralogy of Fallot

1. Pulmonary stenosis

2. Ventricular septal defect 

3. Overriding aorta (aorta is right over VSD, cradling septum)

4 Right ventricular hypertrophy

100
The most important button to push when doing a cardioversion
What is the "sync" button?
100
Equation for mean arterial blood pressure
MAP = DP + 1/3(SP-DP) or MAP = 2/3DP + 1/3SP
100
This chromosomal syndome was initially described in 1866 in a paper entitled "Observation on the Ethnic Classification of Idiots"
What is Down syndrome?
100

List 3 normal pediatric EKG changes

What is: 

Juvenile T waves (V1-V3), Increased HR in infants, RV dominance, R wave in V1 taller than R wave in V6 (resembles RVH and sometimes RBBB), Sinus arrhythmia

100

Most common Congenital Heart Disease for patients with Trisomy 21?

Atrioventricular septal defect

200
What is Ebstein's anomaly

enlarged RA and small RV + ASD. Tricuspid flaps fused to inside RV

200
A sodium channel blocker with effectiveness in supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias as well as junctional ectopic tachycardia
What is Procainamide?
200
Equation for cerebral perfusion pressure
What is CPP = MAP - ICP? (I may accept CVP or JVP)
200
A cardiac tumor seen at birth that regresses with time is at times associated with this condition.
What is Tuberous sclerosis?
200

Common EKG changes in patients with previous congenital heart disease surgery 

(Name 2)

RBBB, JET, CHB, ST segment changes (ischemia/inflammation post-operatively), T wave changes

200

Biggest concern for patients with Kawasaki Disease

Ischemia/Inflammation during coronary spasm (ST segment elevated, myocarditis

Pt needs IV immunoglobulin to reduce inflammation and prevent damage

300

What defect is an PDA essential for survival 

(Bonus: what medication is given for it to remain open)

Hypoplastic left heart 

Prostaglandins

300
Categorized as a class III anti-arrhythmic agent
What is Amiodarone?
300
Equation for calculating vascular resistance.
What is resistance (R) = change in pressure )(deltaP) across capillary bed (i.e. mean PA pressure - mean LA pressure) divided by flow (Q or C.O.)
300

Syndrome associated with a "cocktail party personality" and has this common cardiac dysrhythmia.

Holiday Heart and AF

300

EKG changes for Tetralogy of Fallot

RAD, RVH, Wide QRS, RBBB (post-surgery)

300

Common cardiac issues for patients with Marfans Syndrome

Aortic dilation, aortic dissection (tearing of the aortic wall) + arrhythmias (lots of surgery = more risk)

400

What are the Five Ts of Congenital Heart Disease

1. TOF

2. TGA (transposition of great vessels)

3. truncus arteriosus

4. tricuspid atresia

5. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)

400
Treatment of choice for idiopathic fascicular ventricular tachycardia
What is verapamil?
400
Effect of positive pressure ventilation of left ventricular function
Decrease afterload?
400
Most common primary tumor of the heart in adults.
What is Myxoma?
400

EKG Changes in Noonan syndrome

PS, HCM, ASD, VSD, Coarctation of the aorta, Arrhythmias

400

Symptoms of prolonged QT syndrome and what phases does it affect?

Affects phases 2,3, and 4.

Symptoms - Syncope, seizures, cardiac arrest/ death (longer QT allows for more time for ventricular ectopy to induce an arrhythmia)

500

What defect arises from defects in all structures formed by endocardial cushions

(Bonus: what can increase in these infants)

Complete AVSD 

Pulmonary blood flow (can have symptoms of CHF/FTT)

500
Class III agent used for IV rapid cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter
What is ibutilide?
500
A patient s/p Norwood with mBT shunt has an arterial sat of 80% and a mvO2 of 60%. What is the Qp/Qs?
What is 0.5?
500
Aortic arch anomaly first described by Dr. David Bayford in 1789 in a woman who died of extreme emaciation due to swallowing difficulty.
What is aberrant subclavian artery?
500

What causes deep T waves in V2 and V3? 

Hint: high risk for AWMI

Wellens syndrome

This is not genetic, caused by LAD obstruction

500

What is turners syndrome chromosonal abnormality and with ECG changes do you see?

Missing X chromosome

RVH, accelerated arrhythmia, T wave abnorm.