Consent & Assent
The age at which assent is typically sought from a pediatric patient.
What is age 7 & older?
Rationale: Children age 7+ are considered capable or providing assent based on developmental understanding.
Confidentiality is broken in adolescent care.
What is when the patient is at risk of harm.
Rationale: Providers must report.
A parent's right to withdraw care.
What is autonomy?
Rationale: Parents are surrogate decision-makers but guided by best interests.
Culture influences consent decisions.
What are examples such as refusal of blood products due to religion?
Rationale: Providers must respect values while advocating for safety.
Defines safe limits of care.
What is scope of practice?
Rationale: Going beyond it can endanger patients.
The difference between informed consent and assent.
What is consent is legal permission from a guardian and assent is the child's agreement?
Rationale: Both are needed when appropriate.
16-year-old refusing care for STI.
What is minors can consent to STI treatment?
Rationale: Many states allow confidential care for sexual health.
Difference between medical futility vs DNR.
What is futility=no benefit and DNR=no resuscitation?
Rationale: Both involve complex ethical decisions.
Risks of sterotyping in cultural decision-making.
What is Hinders trust, may cause harm.
Rationale: Each patient is unique.
Protects minors from abuse.
What are mandatory reporting laws?
Rationale: Legal obligation to report suspected harm.
Provides consent and provides assent in a research study.
Who are parents for consent and children for assent?
Rationale: Ethical research requires both in pediatric populations.
Confidential adolescent care.
What are conditions that involve sexual/reproductive health, mental health, or substance use can all remain confidential.
Rationale: Laws protect adolescent privacy.
Supportive care for pediatric serious illness.
What is palliative care?
Rationale: Focuses on quality of life, not just end of life.
Providers response to refusal of care due to cultural beliefs.
What is respectful exploration of alternatives?
Rationale: Use cultural humility to maintain trust.
Dual relationships are problematic and pose ethical issues.
What is treating family members?
Rationale: Blurs boundaries, may impair judgment
Refusal of life-saving treatment for a minor by parents.
What is the court may intervene?
Rationale: The state has an interest in protecting the child's welfare.
Disclosing pregnancy test results to parents.
What is confidentiality breach?
Rationale: Respect for adolescent autonomy vs parental rights must be balanced.
A minor with a terminal illness and ability to make decisions about their own care.
What is minors are able to make decisions regarding their own care with maturity?
Rationale: Emancipated or mature minors may participate in decisions.
Balancing family-centered care with culturally sensitive care.
What is shared decision-making?
Rationale: Align family values with medical goals.
Creates legal, ethical record.
What is the ethical role of documentation in reporting ethical dilemmas?
Rationale: Ensures transparency and accountability.
Emergency treatment given without consent.
What is appropriate when emergency treatment is given without parental consent?
Rationale: Life-saving care can be given. Emergency doctrine allows treatment to prevent serious harm.
Ethical dilemma and social media and adolescent privacy.
What is posting patient photos without consent?
Rationale: Violates HIPAA and trust.
Withdrawal of life-saving therapy.
What is utilization of interdisciplinary, compassionate dialogue?
Rationale: Ethics, palliative, and family-centered input required.
Tools that ensure culturally competent care in diverse populations.
What are interpreters, trainings, patient advocates.
Rationale: Supports understanding and inclusion.
Reporting unsafe/illegal care.
What is whistleblowing?
Rationale: Protects patients when internal solutions fail.