Minerals and Vitamins
What are 5 of the 7 Major Minerals
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
How many calories per gram do Carbohydrates have?
4 cal/g
How many calories per gram do Proteins have?
4 cal/g
How many calories per gram do Lipids have?
9 cal/g
In what order are the 3 Macronutrients used as energy by the body?
Carbs, Fats, Proteins
The clinical test for each is: Blood glucose, Ketones, and then BUN.
How many essential vitamins are there, and what are the two classes if vitamins
There are 13 essential vitamins broken into
Water-soluble and Fat-soluble vitamins
What are the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) for Carbohydrates?
45% - 65%
What are the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) for Proteins?
10% - 35%
What are the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) for Lipids?
20% - 35%
10% or less of total calories should come from saturated fats
In what part of the digestive system does digestion MAINLY occure
The small intestine
What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins?
Vit. D,E,A,K
A Duck Eats Kale
What is Fiber's use in the body?
Proper bowel elimination, Lowers cholesterol and Keeps blood glucose levels stable
What 3 main factors influence the body's requirement for protein?
Tissue growth needs
Quality of the dietary protein
Added needs due to illness
What is the function of Fat in the body?
It stores energy, aids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, provides protective padding for vital organs, Hormone production, and provides structural material for cell walls
What is the Adequate Intake (AI) of fiber for men and/or Women
25 g/day for females
38 g/day for males
What is a Trace Mineral?
Micronutrients are required by the body in amounts of less than 5 g's and 20 mg or less is required per day
The 9 elements are iron, iodine, zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, selenium, molybdenum, and fluoride
What is Glycogen and where is it stored in the body?
Glycogen is the stored carbohydrate energy found in the liver and muscles. It is a backup energy, but was a limited supply
What are complimentary proteins?
Proteins that, when combined, provide a complete protein
Examples: Rice and Beans, Macaroni and Cheese, Yogurt and Nuts, Hummus and Cracker
What are common sources of Lipids?
Dark meat, Poultry Skin, Dairy Foods, and Added Oils
What is the Adequate Intake (AI) for water intake?
2.7 L/day for Females
3.7 L/day for Males
Minimal water intake is 1.5 L/day
How much of each Major Mineral is required each day through dietary sources?
100 mg needs to be consumed each day
There is more than 5 grams of each already present in the body
What are the three types of Carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides (simple), Disaccharides (Simple), and Polysaccharides (Complex)
What are the 2 types of Proteins and what is the difference between them?
Complete and Incomplete.
Complete Proteins (From animal and soy) have all 9 essential amino acids, while Incomplete (Generally from plants) contain an insufficient number or quantity
What are the 3 categories of Fat?
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Sterols
Sources of unsaturated fatty acids include what? (Example: Olives)
Monounsaturated: Olives, Canola Oil, Avocado, and Peanuts
Polyunsaturated: Corn, Wheat Germ, Soybean, and Fish