Seizures
This is the definition of a simple febrile seizure
What is <15 minutes long, x1 in 24 hours, generalized?
This headache, which is associated with pulsatile tinnitus, blurred vision, increased body habitus, optic nerve edema, and normal MRI can be confirmed with increased opening pressure on LP, once other causes have been ruled out
What is idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
This is the dose of IV lorazepam in mg/kg to give to abort a seizure
What is 0.1 mg/kg?
This is the leading cause of death in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
What is respiratory failure?
This acute post-infectious demyelinating disorder of the spinal cord is characterized by hyperintensity on T2 weighted images as well as lymphocyte pleocytosis (sometimes)
What is transverse myelitis?
This disorder, the most common epileptic disorder in the first year of life, frequently presents as symmetric contraction with flexion of the trunk, neck and arms, lasting up to 5 seconds and occurring in clusters.
What are infantile spasms?
This medication is sometimes used for migraine prophylaxis (multiple correct answers)
What is topiramate, amitriptyline, cyproheptadine, valproate, or propranolol (+500 points if you know the results of the 2017 CHAMP trial!)
A patient in status epilepticus has already received 2 doses of lorazepam without improvement. This is an excellent 2nd line choice to abort status epilepticus
What is valproate, fosphenytoin, or levetiracetam?
This disorder is characterized by deficient but still present levels of dystrophin on muscle biopsy
What is Becker muscular dystrophy?
This post-infectious cause of ataxia is characterized by normal MRI, normal UDS, and normal CSF findings (sometimes with mild pleocytosis)
What is acute cerebellar ataxia?
In this form of epilepsy, the development of GTCs is often preceded by a long history of “jerks”, which are usually worse in the morning
What is juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?
These migraine symptoms must often be inferred from behavior.
What are photophobia and phonophobia?
This AED can potentially cause hyperammonemic encephalopathy, bone marrow suppression, and liver injury as side effects
What is valproic acid?
This autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by gross motor delay, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, motor regression, seizures, a cherry red spot on the retina, and ventriculomegaly
What is Tay Sachs Disease?
Palsy of this cranial nerve is frequently associated with increased ICP
What is cranial nerve 6?
This form of epilepsy (which is characterized by nighttime focal aware seizures with facial numbness, dysphagia, and difficulty with speech) has an excellent prognosis
What is benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (or benign Rolandic epilepsy)?
This is the best medication to prescribe to abort migraines in children
What is rizatriptan?
This is one of the first line treatments for infantile spasms
What is ACTH, PO prednisolone, or vigabatrin?
This autosomal recessive disorder presents with worsening lower extremity weakness, ataxia, cardiomyopathy, hypoactive reflexes, and bony abnormalities (pes cavus, scoliosis)
What is Friedreich ataxia?
This condition, characterized by stenosis of the internal carotid arteries/circle of Willis, results in development of arterial collateral circulation in the brain and increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke
What is Moyamoya disease?
Deficiency of this vitamin has a known association with intractable neonatal seizures
What is Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)?
These are three contraindications to prescribing triptans
What are uncontrolled HTN, arrhythmia, TIAs/history of stroke, pregnancy, ischemic heart disease, Angina pectoris, history of MI, documented silent ischemia, Coronary vasospasm (including Prinzmetal’s), Multiple risk factors for CAD, hemiplegic migraine?
One of these medications is NOT a powerful inducer of cytochrome p450 hepatic metabolism: carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid
What is Valproic acid (an acute inhibitor of cytochrome p450)?
This inherited combined motor and sensory neuropathy is associated with progressive distal weakness, sensory loss, decreased reflexes, and lower muscle atrophy (stork legs)
What is Charcot-Marie Tooth disease (or hereditary motor sensory neuropathy)?
This benign non-epileptic condition is seen in infants and young children and is characterized by shivering movements of the arms/upper torso, lasting several seconds, without LOC, and usually happening during meal time/diaper changes/when the infant is agitated
What are benign shuddering attacks of infancy?