Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
What is the psychosocial stage for school-aged children (ages 5–12)?
Industry vs. Inferiority.
What is the most effective way to build trust with an 8-year-old patient during the first interaction?
Introduce yourself, use a friendly tone, and involve the child in the conversation.
What pain scale uses smiley faces to help children describe their pain level?
The Wong-Baker FACES Pain Scale.
What does ISBAR(R) stand for?
Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, Readback/Response.
Name one social determinant of health.
Income, education, housing, food security, etc.
During the Industry vs. Inferiority stage, how can healthcare providers support the child’s development?
Encourage participation in care and provide positive reinforcement for their efforts.
Name one strategy to explain a medical procedure to a pediatric patient.
Use age-appropriate language and demonstrate on a toy or stuffed animal.
What does the FLACC scale assess?
Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability.
What information is included in the "Situation" part of ISBAR(R)?
A brief summary of the patient’s current condition or reason for care.
How can lack of transportation impact a pediatric patient’s health?
It may lead to missed appointments and delayed care.
What is the primary conflict in the Trust vs. Mistrust stage?
Developing trust in caregivers when needs are met.
Why is involving the family important when communicating with pediatric patients?
It helps reduce anxiety for both the child and parents, and ensures understanding of the care plan.
At what age can most children start reliably using a numeric pain scale?
Around 8 years old.
Why is the "Background" section important in ISBAR(R) communication?
It provides context, such as medical history or recent changes, to understand the patient’s situation.
What SDOH might contribute to frequent hospital visits in children?
Poor housing conditions, limited access to healthcare, or food insecurity.
How might a hospitalized child in the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage behave?
They might want to do things independently, such as holding medical tools or choosing which arm to use for a procedure.
What should you do if a pediatric patient refuses to cooperate during a procedure?
Acknowledge their feelings, use distraction techniques, and offer choices.
Why is it important to assess a child's non-verbal pain indicators?
Children may not always verbalize their pain, so body language and behavior are key.
What is the goal of the "Recommendation" section in ISBAR(R)?
To suggest next steps or request specific actions for the patient’s care.
Why is it important to assess SDOH in pediatric patients?
It helps identify barriers to health and improve care outcomes.
How can stress in hospitalization impact a child in the Initiative vs. Guilt stage?
They might feel guilty about being sick or unable to complete tasks they usually do.
Give an example of a distraction technique for an anxious pediatric patient.
Use storytelling, let the child hold a favorite toy, or engage them with questions about their interests.
What cultural factors might influence how a child expresses pain?
Family expectations, cultural norms about showing emotions, or beliefs about pain tolerance.
Give an example of an effective ISBAR(R) statement for an 8-year-old patient with abdominal pain.
"Situation: Ethan, 8 years old, is experiencing worsening abdominal pain. Background: Admitted for gastroenteritis. Pain scale 7/10. Assessment: The abdomen is tender, and there is no vomiting. Recommendation: Consider ordering pain management and rehydration therapy."
What community resources can address SDOH for pediatric patients?
Food banks, free clinics, transportation assistance programs, and school-based health services.