The child's airway location compared to the adult airway in the neck.
What is more anterior and higher?
100
The two factors that predict neurologic outcome and mortality.
What are resuscitation duration and submersion time?
100
The leading cause of death due to injury in children.
What is cerebral trauma?
100
The most commonly injured abdominal organ in children.
What is the spleen?
100
Components of lap-belt syndrome.
What are abdominal wall ecchymosis, intra-abdominal organ injury and vertebral fractures?
200
The easiest and most accurate method used in the selection of an ET tube for pediatric intubation.
What is a length-based resuscitation tape (Broselow tape)?
200
Risk factors for pediatric drowning. Name 3.
What is epilepsy, underlying cardiac dysrhythmias, hyperventilation prior to swimming, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, alcohol and illicit drugs?
200
Risk factors for a positive CT scan evidence of cerebral injury. Name 3.
What are LOC, amnesia, vomiting, headache, seizures, children <2, multiple trauma, facial injury, altered mental status?
200
The most common mechanism of isolated pancreatic injury in pediatric patient.
What is a handlebar injury?
200
The portions of cervical spine children <8 years of age have a higher incidence to injure.
What is upper cervical spine and craniovertebral junction?
300
The contraindications to nasotracheal intubation include apnea, midfacial fractures/trauma, basilar skull fractures, and children less than this age.
What is less than nine years of age?
300
The length of time asymptomatic to mildly symptomatic children who return to baseline be monitored in the ED.
What is 4 to 8 hours?
300
The type of skull fracture requires evaluation for child abuse. Name 1.
What is an egg shell skull fracture, occipital impression fractures, or fractures crossing sutures?
300
The most common cause of blunt abdominal injury in children.
What are motor vehicle accidents?
300
The injury associated with transient or delayed neurologic deficit (i.e. paresthesias).
What is SCIWORA?
400
In children less than 12 years of age, this is the procedure of choice instead of surgical cricothyroidotomy.
What is needle cricothyroidotomy followed by jet-insufflation?
400
The five methods of active internal rewarming in a patient with core temperature of </= 30 C after a submersion incident.
What is
1. warmed IVF
2. warmed humidified oxygen
3. peritoneal lavage (KCl free fluid)
4. thoracic lavage with IVF
5. ECMO or cardiopulmonary bypass
400
Risk factors for seizures post-cerebral injury.
What are CT scan abnormalities, lower GCS, longer duration of coma, positive LOC?
400
The three lab tests indicative of risk of intra-abdominal injury.
What are liver enzymes (AST > 200 or ALT > 125), microscopic hematuria >5 RBC/high-power field, and initial hematocrit level <30%?
400
An indicated medication to be given with spine injury and neurologic deficit.
What are steroids?
500
The formula in children >1 year of age to determine appropriate ET tube size.
What is (age in years + 16)/4?
500
The bacteria implicated in delayed pneumonia and meningitis of drowning victims as late as 4 to 6 months after the event.
What is Pseudallescheria boydii?
500
Factors contributing to the frequency of pediatric head injuries. Name 2.
What is child's head encompassing larger proportion of body mass and area, bones of neck not fully developed, and incompletely myelinated brain is more susceptible to shear forces?
500
Most frequent injuries in non-accidental traumas.
What are liver and intestinal injuries?
500
Radiologic variables associated with pediatric cervical spine. Name 2.
What is
1. absent lordosis
2. pseudosubluxation
3. widened predens space
4. anterior wedging of cervical bodies