Visual System
What is the Dorsal or Magnocellular channel
The receptors in the _________ are only sensitive to rotational acceleration or deceleration (ie: speeding up or slowing down rotation of the head)
What are the semicircular canals
Stabilizes images on the retina in response to vestibular input / head movement.
What is the Vestibulo Ocular Reflex or VOR
When observing functional visual skills, the acronym ABC stands for...
Improving oculomotor control requires activities that enhance ______ and ______ inputs
What is proprioceptive and vestibular
The visual stream that provides focal / central information for object perception
What is the Ventral or Parvocellular channel
The _____ and ______, also called the otolithic organs are not sensitive to rotation. They respond to head position relative to gravity and linear acceleration and deceleration
What are the utricle and saccule
This reflex adjusts eye position during slow head movements and is elicited by moving visual stimuli
What is the Optokinetic Reflex or OKN
The term "phoria" means
What is, a tendency to
The name of the protocol developed by Mary Kawar which entails giving precise vestibular input and following up with volitional eye movements
The visual pathway begins with cells in the ______ that convert light into neural signals
What is the retina
In addition to providing information about head movement and position, the vestibular system has two roles in motor control
What are gaze stabilization and postural adjustments
This reflex is a foundation for eye hand coordination, bilateral coordination, horizontal eye tracking across body midline and auditory / visual perception
What is the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex or ATNR
Convergence insufficiency can be assessed though what specific vision screening procedures
What is Near Point of Convergence, Convergence / Divergence and the CISS symptom survey
The use of blow toys support
What is eye alignment, facilitation of convergence (sucking) and divergence (blowing)
The ability to clearly see a fixed object
What is sight or visual acuity
PRN refers to...
What is post-rotary nystagmus
This reflex is a foundation to head righting and postural control and supports balance and security with movement
What is the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex or TLR
The subconscious adaptation by a person's brain to eliminate the symptoms of disorders of binocular vision such as strabismus or double vision
What is suppression
What is strengthening the deep neck muscles
The number of extraocular muscles that coordinate our eyes for binocular vision
What is 12 individual muscles
______ is dependent on underlying vestibular processing
What is vision
This reflex supports integration of TLR and supports head to body coordination, convergence / divergence and vertical tracking
What is the Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex or STNR
What is smooth and well coordinated conjugate eye movements
The ideal distance for reading and writing which is equal the the length of arm from elbow to middle knuckle
What is the Harmon distance