Anatomy and Physiology
In infants, these soft spots on the top of the head allows the skull to compress during birth and accommodate rapid brain growth.
What is fontanelle?
(Clinic, 2024)
The colour coded tool used to estimate a pediatric patient's weight.
What is the Broselow tape?
(Pediatric Emergency Assessment, Recognition, and Stabilization, 2020)
This high-pitched whistling sound can be heard during partial upper airway obstructions
What is Stridor?
(Choi et al., 2012)
This respiratory condition, characterized by bronchospasm, mucus production, and airway inflammation, is the most common chronic illness of childhood.
What is asthma?
(Caroline, 2015)
This part of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle evaluates muscle tone, interactiveness, and consolability.
What is appearance?
(Pediatric Emergency Assessment, Recognition, and Stabilization, 2020)
This structure is narrower and more funnel-shaped in infants. Thus, breathing is easily effected by swelling.
What is the trachea?
(Bhananker et al., 2014)
The pediatric assessment tool that should be used immediately upon entering the scene that will help you identify the general physiological problem, and if the patient is critical and needs rapid transport.
What is the pediatric assessment triangle?
(Pediatric Emergency Assessment, Recognition, and Stabilization, 2020)
The two most common causes of anaphylactic reactions.
What is food and bee stings?
(Choi et al., 2012)
A lower airway emergency that is unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy
What is bronchiolitis?
(Caroline, 2015)
This is the most common cause of bradycardia in infants and children.
What is hypoxia?
(Pediatric Emergency Assessment, Recognition, and Stabilization, 2020)
Compared with adults, infants breathe primarily using this muscle because their rib cages are more horizontal and less flexible.
What is the diaphragm?
(Schochet, 2021)
The go-to artery to assess an infant's pulse.
What is the brachial artery?
(Caroline, 2015)
This common childhood illness is known scientifically as laryngothrachobronchitis and causes swelling to the upper airway.
What is Croup?
(Choi et al., 2012)
These 3 parts of the airway are where lower airway obstructions can occur
What are the lower trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles?
(Staff, 2017)
Before cardiac arrest occurs in children and infants, they most commonly deteriorate through this sequence.
What is respiratory distress to respiratory failure to cardiac arrest?
(Pediatric Emergency Assessment, Recognition, and Stabilization, 2020)
Because pediatrics have a larger surface-area-to-body-mass ratio, they are more susceptible to this physiological problem.
What is thermal dysregulation? Will accept hypo/hyperthermia.
(Van De Kamp & Daanen, 2025)
Characteristics of appearance mnemonic.
What is TICLS? (Tone, interactivness, consolability, look/gaze, speech/cry)
An uncommon symptom of croup that will alert you to a critical obstruction.
What is hypoxia?
(Choi et al., 2012)
This virus is the leading cause of lower respiratory infections in infants.
What is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?
(Caroline, 2015)
This stage of shock occurs when the body can maintain its blood pressure by increasing the heart rate and vasoconstriction
What is compensated shock?
(Pediatric Emergency Assessment, Recognition, and Stabilization, 2020)
In infants and young children, this immune organ located in the upper chest is proportionally larger than in adults and plays a key role in T-cell development.
What is the thymus?
(Professional, 2025)
The typical MAP expected in a preschool age patient
What is 58-69 mmHg?
This illness that has rapidly progressing symptoms is now considered ‘rare’ due to childhood vaccines.
What is Epiglottitis?
(Choi et al., 2012)
Infants younger than this age are at high risk for episodes of apnea when they develop bronchiolitis
What are infants younger than two years old?
When respiratory distress worsens and the child can no longer maintain good quality oxygenation or ventilation, it becomes a life-threatening condition.
What is respiratory failure?
(Pediatric Emergency Assessment, Recognition, and Stabilization, 2020)