risk factors
irritants (that may be different for everyone) trigger inflammation in the airways in this disorder
what is asthma?
in asthma, many patients may only present with this one symptom
what is cough?
should not be used more than 2x a week
what is an inhaler?
these two things are the most effective way to diagnose asthma
what are PFTs and ABGs?
what people with asthma use to identify if there meds are working efficiently or not
what is a peak flow meter?
people are at high risk for cystic fibrosis if both parents have what gene
what is autosomal recessive? (CFTR deletion)
the classic triad of symptoms in cystic fibrosis
what is recurrent sinus and pulmonary infections, steatorrhea, and malnutrition
people with cystic fibrosis will need to eat this type of diet since they need 150% more caloric intake than peers
people with cystic fibrosis typically have these values in a sweat-chloride test
what is chloride >40 in infants less than 3 months old and >60 in older, and sodium >90
two major treatments that people with cystic fibrosis will need to receive (and any relevant teachings related to them)
what are pancreatic enzymes (do not add to hot foods or formula) and chest physiotherapy (in the morning before breakfast to avoid vomiting)?
these two groups are at the highest risk for RSV
normally signs of RSV appear in stages and not all at once, and the first signs start to show within this many days after getting infected
what is 4-6 days?
this vaccine needs to be given before the start of RSV season since the vaccine will not help if the child already has it
what is the palivizumab vaccine?
in young infants, these may be the only symptoms showing for RSV
what is irritability, decreased activity, and breathing difficulties?
the type of precautions that someone with RSV will need to be on while contagious (contagious for 3-8 days)
*note: infants and those w weak immune systems can spread the virus even after they stop showing symptoms (up to 4 weeks)
what are droplet and contact precautions?
this is normally caused by bacteria or viruses (often RSV) in children younger than 24 months w wheezing
what is bronchiolitis?
the early signs of respiratory distress in someone w bronchiolitis
*note: if RR gets >70 w lethargy-->need to go to hospital or call 911 asap
this basic thing is essential to help prevent RSV and bronchiolitis
signs and symptoms are very similar to a cold; runny nose, intermittent fever, sore throat, coughing, sneezing, wheezing & crackles, non productive cough, may also have ear or eye infection, have a lot of secretions
what is bronchiolitis?
the main two nursing actions that will be encouraged when someone has bronchiolitis (inflammation of the bronchioles)
what is suctioning and hydration?
*note: they need to also be put on contact and airborne precautions
this is a medical emergency caused by haemophilus influenzae, which is why those who do not get the HIB vaccine are at a high risk (normally 2-8 year olds)
what is epiglottitis?
the 4 Ds relating to epiglottitis
what is drooling, dysphagia, dysphonia, and distressed air movement (stridor)?
the most important nurse teaching for epiglottitis (what NOT to do)
what is do not inspect mouth/throat without emergency intubation supplies (could cause bronchospasm and death)?
*note: this also means no oral temperatures and need to be NPO
what is a lateral neck x-ray
important treatment for someone w epiglottitis (also what precautions)
what is protect airway and provide O2, keep child calm and do not agitate them, and droplet precautions for the first 24 hours after IVAB?