(Blank)
Name 3 differences between pediatric and adult anatomy that contribute to respiratory conditions in children
- Child's upper airway is shorter and more narrow making is easier to be occluded with secretions, edema, or foreign bodies
- larger tongues and larger heads compared to body size
- infants are obligate nose breathers
- epiglottis is floppy
- weaker abdominal muscles
What isolation precautions will be used with the flu?
Droplet
What does stridor indicate?
Narrowing of the upper airway
What does the mnemonic ADD AIR NURSE stand for?
Abnormal positioning
Dysphagia
Difficulty speaking
Apprehension
Increased temp
Rapid onset
Nasal flaring
Using accessory muscles
Retractions
Stridor
Enlarged Epiglottis
What are negative, inconclusive, and positive testing results for a sweat test?
Negative: 39 mmol/L
Needs further testing: 40-49 mmol/L
Positive: 60 mmol/L
Name the five locations for retractions
Supraclavicular
Intercostal
Suprasternal
Substernal
Subcostal
What is Reye's Syndrome?
occurs in those recovering from viral infections if taking aspirin, affects all organs but most harmful to the brain and liver by causing increased ICP & accumulations of fat in the liver
What is croup?
Inflammation of the epiglottis, larynx, trachea, and possibly even the bronchi
What symptoms are present in tracheitis?
URI symptoms the week before then acute decompensation followed by change in voice, usually sudden decompensation with noisy breathing, high fevers, drooling, thick purulent secretions
Sweat, Tears, and saliva will have excessively high _____ & ______ content in cases of cystic fibrosis
Sodium, chloride
What are the cardinal signs of respiratory distress?
restlessness, tachycardia, tachypnea, diaphoresis
What is the most frequent cause of mononucleosis?
Epstein Barr virus, spread through oral secretions "kissing disease"
What is the difference between viral and bacterial croup?
Viral croup is either spasmodic laryngitis or laryngotracheobronchitis
Bacterial croup is either epiglottitis and bacterial tracheitis
What symptoms are present with bronchitis?
coarse hacking cough that worsens at night, chest pain may develop due to cough
Opening in the baby's diaphragm that allows abdominal organs to move into chest cavity resulting in crowding of lungs and improper development?
Diaphragmatic hernia
What is a late sign of respiratory distress
Cyanosis
What is the difference between otitis media and otitis externa?
Otitis media is an inner ear infection while otitis externa is inflammation of the external ear canal
What are findings in cases of laryngotracheobronchitis?
low grade fever, restlessness, hoarseness, barky cough, dyspnea, inspiratory stridor, and retractions
Infants/toddlers: nasal flaring, intercostal retractions, tachypnea, continuous stridor
May have stridor at rest and respiratory distress in severe cases
What are the four classifications of asthma?
Intermittent
Mild persistent
Moderate persistent
Severe persistent
Floppy larynx is called _________
Laryngomalacia
What is the most common cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in children?
Respiratory Failure (either oxygen demand outweighs oxygen supply or carbon dioxide levels rise due to hypoventilation
What is special about the cough that accompanies Pertussis?
Paroxysmal cough that starts around 2 weeks after onset of symptoms, can last several months, difficulty breathing during coughing fit, may cause post-tussive emesis
What is typically used to prevent epiglottitis?
Hib vaccine
What is cystic fibrosis?
Genetic disorder that causes exocrine glands to work incorrectly
____________________: abnormal connection between these two tubes
Tracheoesophageal fistula