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Ethical Principles 1
Ethical Problems
Ethical Principles 2
Ethical Theories
Ethical Theories 2
100
"Do no harm" is the meaning of this ethical principle.
NONMALEFICENCE
100
This problem occurs when information about a research project is withheld from the project participant.
CONCEALMENT
100
This ethical guideline states that participants in a research project should have the basic facts of the project revealed to them before they make a decision to participate in a research.
INFORMED CONSENT
100
This ethical system takes into account the situation in which the decision is made.
RELATIVISTIC / RELATIVISM
100
Theories of this type are also known as rule-based theories.
DEONTOLOGICAL
200
Explain the principle of ANONYMITY
The researcher cannot connect the names of participants with the information they provide.
200
Deliberately misleading participants in a research project is called______
DECEPTION
200
This principle holds that all people should be treated equally
JUSTICE
200
Teleological system is based on this.
Teleological ethical system is based on the balancing of the likely effects of a decision.
200
This approach to ethics is best represented by Immanuel Kant's theory of the categorical imperative.
Deontological approach
300
Ethical principle holding that each individual is responsible for his/her decisions.
AUTONOMY
300
Concealment and deception occur most frequently in survey projects of THIS type.
EXPERIMENT
300
Professionals should hold themselves accountable for accomplishing what they say they will do for the people who pay them. True or False?
True. Accountability is important in relationships between practitioners and their clients or employers.
300
The following statement exemplifies THIS theory: "The ultimate test for determining the rightness of some behavior depends on the outcomes that result from this behavior. The end may justify the means."
The TELEOLOGICAL theory or what philosopher John Stuart Mill called UTILITARIANISM.
300
This theory represents a teleological approach to ethics.
John Start Mill's utilitarian theory (UTILITARIANISM)
400
This ethical principle states that a researcher should share positive benefits of a research project with all involved.
BENEFICENCE
400
THESE situations or conditions pose ethical challenges for people who use the Internet to conduct research.
Answers vary. Examples: 1. Search engines can be used to trace the sources of long quotes, which would otherwise be confidential. 2. It may be difficult to obtain written consent forms from subjects. 3. Participant minors may lie about their age.
400
This ethical system weighs potential benefits of a decision against potential harm.
Utilitarianism
400
This theory covers views which maintain that the definition of things as good or bad only depends on a given framework of assessment (such as local cultural norms).
RELATIVISM
400
Provide an example of an ethical dilemma solved by UTILITARIAN approach.
Answers vary.
500
This principle states that the researcher can connect the names of research participants with the information they provide but promises to keep the connection secret.
CONFIDENTIALITY
500
According to both the American Psychological Association's (APA) code of ethics and the American Sociological Association's guidelines for research, researchers who use deception in their experiments should "debrief" subjects, but only after the results have been published. True or False?
FALSE
500
There is a growing body of research on PR ethics issues by communication scholars that underscores the importance of ethical conduct to public relations practitioners. True or False?
True
500
Provide an example of solving an ethical dilemma using Kant's categorical approach.
Answers vary.
500
Luisa believes violent television programming is psychologically damaging to viewers. She designs her research using methods that do not involve asking subjects to watch violent programming, because she feels it would be unethical to ask anyone to do something she considers wrong. Luisa's approach reflects the perspective of THIS ethical theory.
Kant's theory of the categorical imperative.