developmental milestones
skills acquired at ------- include ability to turn from abdomen to back and grasp objects voluntarily
5 months
What type of croup may quickly become a medical emergency?
epiglottitis
infant signs of increased ICP
• Tense, bulging fontanel
• Separated cranial sutures
• Macewen (cracked-pot) sign
• Irritability and restlessness
• Drowsiness
• Increased sleeping
• High-pitched cry
• Increased frontooccipital circumference
• Distended scalp veins
• Poor feeding
• Crying when disturbed
• Setting-sun sign
how is growth hormone deficiency treated?
GH injections
what are contributing factors for sickle cell symptoms?
§obstruction caused by the sickled RBCs with other cells,
§(2) vascular inflammation, and
§(3) increased RBC destruction
skills acquired at ---- include sits leaning forward on hands, transfer objects from hand to hand, fixate on small objects, and stranger danger
what is 7 months
recommended home treatment for spasmodic laryngitis?
reassurance
cool mist
children signs of increased ICP?
• Headache
• Nausea
• Forceful vomiting
• Diplopia, blurred vision
• Seizures
• Indifference, drowsiness
• Decline in school performance
• Diminished physical activity and motor performance
• Increased sleeping
• Inability to follow simple commands
• Lethargy
what is sexual development before 8 years of age in females and 9 years of age in males?
precocious puberty
goal of sickle cell treatment?
adequate hydration to prevent sickling
3 things to help manage colic
§Place infant prone over a covered hot-water bottle or heated towel.
§• Massage infant's abdomen.
§• Respond immediately to the crying.
§• Change infant's position frequently; walk with child's face down and with body across parent's arm, with parent's hand under infant's abdomen, applying gentle pressure.
§• Use a front carrier for transporting infant.
§• Swaddle infant tightly with a soft, stretchy blanket.
§• Take infant for car rides or outside for a change in environment.
§• Use bottles that minimize air swallowing (curved bottle or inner collapsible bag).
§• Use a commercial device in the crib that stimulates the vibration and sound of a car ride or plays soothing “noise,” in utero sounds, or music.
§• Provide smaller, frequent feedings; burp infant during and after feedings using the shoulder position or sitting upright, and place infant in an upright seat after feedings.
§• Introduce a pacifier for added sucking.
§• If household members smoke, avoid smoking near infant; preferably confine smoking activity to outside of home.
§• If nothing reduces the crying, place infant in crib and allow to cry; periodically hold and comfort child, and put down again.
early indicator of cystic fibrosis
meconium ileus
§Full consciousness: Awake and alert, orientated to time, place, and person; behavior appropriate for age
§Confusion: Impaired decision making
§Disorientation: Confusion regarding time, place; decreased level of consciousness (LOC)
§Lethargy: Limited spontaneous movement, sluggish speech, drowsy
§Obtundation: Arousable with stimulation
§Stupor: Remaining in a deep sleep, responsive only to vigorous and repeated stimulation
§Coma: No motor or verbal response or extension posturing to noxious (painful) stimuli
§Persistent vegetative state: Permanently lost function of the cerebral cortex; eyes follow objects only by reflex or when attracted to the direction of loud sounds; all four limbs are spastic but can withdraw from painful stimuli; hands show reflexive grasping and groping; the face can grimace, some food may be swallowed, and the child may groan or cry but utter no words.
These symptoms may be indicative of ---> weight loss despite eating well; short attention span, unable to sit still, unexplained fatigue/sleepiness, and difficulty with fine motor skills; EXOPTHALMOS may develop long before other s/s and may be the only presenting sign
hyperthyroidism
type of play typical for preschoolers
associative
know cognitive develoment
and tanner stages
what role does anatomy play in terms of infection?
the smaller the airway, the more likely narrowing from swollen mucous membranes and increased sputum production; short distance to lower respiratory tract increases likelihood of pneumonia and shorter/open eustachian tube increases likelihood of ear infection
assessment tool for neurologic function
glasgow coma scale
Symptoms indicative of which disorder ---> acute onset of severe irritability and restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperthermia, hypertension, severe tachycardia, and prostration. There may be rapid progression to delirium, coma, and even death
thyroid storm
acquired condition that occurs as a result of cranial molding during infancy
positional plagiocephaly
what is a predictor for repeat suicide attempts?
What is used most commonly for completed suicides?
- previous suicide attempt
- firearms
post-op tonsillectomy care should include:
Analgesics, ice collars, cool, soft foods/liquid encouraged after patient fully alert and without signs of hemorrhage (avoid red colored liquids/foods and milk products)
monitor for hemorrhage
discourage coughing/blowing nose
avoid suctioning
place on side or abdomen to facilitate drainage of secretions
Elicited by rotating the child's head quickly to one side and then to the other. Conjugate (paired or working together) movement of the eyes in the direction opposite to the head rotation is normal. Absence of this response suggests dysfunction of the brainstem or oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III).
doll's head manuever
different types of insulin
see textbook and powerpoint :)
what are 2 things that should be routinely screened for?
abuse
suicide