1
Is ASD more likely to happen to fraternal twin boys or identical twin boys?
77% of identical twin boys
31% of fraternal twin boys
T/F: Once you have the diagnosis of autism, therapy is automatically covered by insurance?
True
Siblings of children with autism have ____% more likely
14.7%
Co-occurrence of one of more psychiatric diagnoses such as anxiety or depression - ___%
10%
T/F: ASD is 4:1 Girls to Boy ratio?
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Fragile X syndrome
- Chromosome 15 deletion
- Down syndrome
- Moebius syndrome
- CHARGE syndrome
Genetic disorders associated with ASD
Co-occurrence of intellectual disability, learning disabilities, or sensory processing disorders - ___%
83%
Level of ASD:
requiring support
Level 1
What are the (3) main developmental disability challenges in autism?
1. Social
2. Communication
3. Behavioral
Level of ASD:
Requiring substantial support
Level 2
- Autistic disorder
- Asperger disorder
- Childhood disintegrative disorder
- Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
Diagnostic criteria across ASD (DSM-5)
Level of ASD:
requiring very substantial support
Level 3
- Underconnectivity in the brain
- decreased cortical thickness
- decreased white matter connectivity
- decreased neurochemical concentrations in the brain
- inflammation in the glia of the brains
- decrease number of purkinje cells in the vermis and hemispheres in the cerebellum
- function of mirror neurons might be altered
Potential neurological abnormalities in ASD
- Without supports in place, deficits in social communication cause noticeable impairments
- difficulty initiating social interactions
- clear examples of atypical or unsuccessful response to social overtures of others
- may appear to have decreased interest in social interactions
- inflexibility or behavior causes significant interference with functioning in one or more contexts
- difficulty switching between activities
- problems of organization and planning hamper independence
Level 1 ASD: requiring support
A. Deficits in social communication and interaction
B. Restrictive or repetitive patterns of behavior or interests
C. Present in early development
D. Clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning
E. Not better explained by intellectual impairment
DSM-5 criteria for ASD
Experienced professional can identify ASD by the time a child is ___ yo.
2 yo
- With or without accompanying intellectual impairment
- With or without accompanying language impairment
- Associated with another neurodevelopmental, mental or behavioral disorder
- with catatonia
- associated with a known medical or genetic condition or environmental factor
DSM-5 autism diagnostic criteria
- marked deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills
- social impairments apparent even with supports in place
- limited initiation of social interactions
- reduced or abnormal responses to social overtures from others
- inflexibility of behavior
- diffuculty coping with change
- other restricted/repetitive behaviors - appear frequently enough to be obvious to the casual observer and interfere with functioning in a variety of contexts
- distress and/or difficulty changing focus or action
Level 2 ASD: requiring substantial support
ASD often not diagnosed until a child is age ___ or later.
4 yo
- severe deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills cause severe impairments in functioning
- very limited initiation of social interactions
- minimal response to social overtures from other
- inflexibility of behavior
- extreme difficulty coping with change
- other restricted/repetitive behaviors markedly interfere with functioning in all spheres
- great distress/difficulty changing focus or action
Level 3 of ASD: requiring very substantial support
Parent - report tool on children from birth through 14 years 11 months
Measures sensory processing through 6 sensory systems: auditory, visual, touch, movement, busy position, and oral
The sensory profile 2 (SP-2)
Tests and measures
The American Academy of pediatrics recommends screening for autism during well child checks at ___ and ___ months for all children
18; 24
- Might prefer an environment with low noise and minimal visual distractions
- age
- cognitive status
- coping styles
- past experience
- individual motivating factors
- removing tags from clothing
- avoiding certain materials/textures
- food/drink limitations
- parental choices/parenting styles
Considerations
- Involvement in and outcomes of past therapeutic history
- early intervention services
- community based activities
- alternative programs such as special diets and supplements
- behavior management strategies - both currently used and previous trials
PT exam history specific to children with ASD
- Team based family is an equal, contributing member of the team
- interests of the child
- parents: ultimately choose interventions for their children; often base decisions from nonmedical professionals and lay publications
- complementary and alternative medicine
- non judgemental with families: evidence for the effects of various types of CAM; safe or unsafe; other options
Procedural interventions