Physical activity and diet
What are the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?
60 minutes or more of physical activity daily Most activity should be of moderate or vigorous intensity Muscle-strengthening activity at least 3 days per week Bone-strengthening activity at least 3 days per week
considered to be a gateway drug, and teenagers who smoke are more likely to use illicit drugs.
Cigarettes
Pediatric nurses are obliged to treat patients holistically, which means...
addressing physical and mental health
How can a parent institute good dental hygiene in an infant?
Begin cleansing the oral cavity in infancy by wiping the teeth and gums with a damp washcloth.
A toothbrush usually is too harsh for an infant’s tender gums. As an infant gets more teeth, use a small soft-bristled toothbrush with plain water to cleanse the teeth and gums. Avoid use of toothpaste during this age, especially if fluoridated, because swallowing by the infant leads to ingestion of excessive amounts of fluoride.
The ingestion of harmful or poisonous substances is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than age 5 years. Children in the 1-year to 2-year age group are at increased risk because why?
of their natural curiosity to explore their environment once they become mobile
What are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
Build a healthy plate Cut back on foods high in solid fats, added sugars, and salt Eat the right number of calories for you Be physically active your way Use food labels to help you make better choices
Other forms of tobacco exposure
smokeless tobacco, cigar smoking, and environmental tobacco smoke, commonly referred to as secondhand smoke.
Keep these mental health issues in mind in the practice of pediatric nursing:
depression, suicide, eating disorders, and substance abuse
What age should you start giving your child fluoride supplementation f the water in the infant’s residential area is not fluoridated?
6 months
What are some prevention strategies the nurse can educate parents on to prevent accidental poisoning?
Never refer to medicines as candy; medicines are drugs. Store them with childproof caps, and keep them out of reach or in a locked cabinet.
• Place cleaning supplies and other toxic substances, including batteries, up high and out of reach of curious youngsters or in a locked cabinet.
Do not keep large quantities of toxic agents (e.g., pesticides, cleaning fluids, drugs) in the home.
• Inspect the home for possible sources of lead con-tamination, including lead-based paint on window-sills, stair rails, and door moldings and peeling wall paint.
• Keep toxic plants out of reach of small hands. • Remember that many grandparents take medications, and they, too, need to keep them in a locked cabinet or up high and out of the reach of children. Keep purses out of the child’s reach.
• Educate older children and adolescents about the dangers of drugs and alcohol.
5-2-1-0 Let’s Go!
Five or more fruits and vegetables daily Two hours or less of screen time daily One hour or more of physical activity daily More water and low-fat milk, no sugary drinks
Environmental tobacco smoke results in?
increased risk for heart and lung disease, particularly asthma and bronchitis in children. Parents often point out that they do not smoke in front of their child; however, the damaging smoke often is trapped in clothing, drapes, and household furnishings.
What are the guideline for child safety restraints and seatbelts?
• Birth to 20 pounds: Rear-facing safety seats secured in the rear seat
• Toddlers 20 to 40 pounds: Front-facing safety seats secured in the rear seat
• Children more than 40 pounds: Secured in booster seats with lap and shoulder belts. The properly fitted shoulder belt lies across the chest, and the lap belt sits below the hip bones to prevent internal injuries in the event of a vehicular accident.
Why should you advise parents against the use of honey before 1 year old?
botulism
In children younger than 1 year of age, the leading cause of fatal injury is?
asphyxiation by aspiration of foreign materials into the respiratory tract
all children younger than age 3 years are at risk, the older infant 6 months to 1 year of age is at greatest risk because of the normal hand-to-mouth activities common in this age group. The severity of respiratory tract obstruction depends on the location and the type of material aspirated.
What are some of the Physical risks associated with excess weight?
high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, arthritis, sleep apnea, and problems breathing
What social problems are associated with substance abuse?
domestic violence, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), teen pregnancy, school failure, motor vehicle accidents (MVAs), increased health care costs, decreased worker productivity, and increased homeless-ness.
The risk factors for being bullied include?
Have a history of depression • Are viewed by others as not “fitting in” • Are overweight or have some other physical characteristic that makes them stand apart from the rest of the peer group
Bullies also have some characteristics placing them at risk for the behavior, including the following: • Display aggression • Have friends who bully others • Have limited parental involvement • Are experiencing problems at home • Have difficulty following rules
What are some specific interventions are possible to prevent nursing bottle caries?
Give the last bottle before bedtime, with proper cleansing of the teeth and gums before putting the child down to sleep. Use water in the bedtime bottle instead of juice or milk. Do not use sugar-coated or honey-coated pacifiers. Offer juice in cups, which the child drinks from and then sets down, rather than in bottles.
What are some common foods children tend to choke on?
Foods that pose the greatest danger include hot dogs, round candy, nuts, grapes, popcorn, peanuts, cookies or biscuits, other meats, carrots, apples, peanut butter, and beans.
What are some Psychological risks associated with excess weight?
discrimination, social stigmatization, lowered self-esteem, social isolation, and feelings of depression and rejection
What age has there been a significant increase in experimenting with drugs?
12 and 13 years
What are some emotional and physical attacks made by bullies?
Emotional attacks may include spreading rumors with the intent to harm the reputation of the victimized individual.
Physical attacks may include hitting, tripping, or other types of violence.
Foods that are associated with an increased incidence of dental caries
molasses, corn syrup, and dried fruits such as raisins
What are some safety precautions the nurse can teach the parents about burn prevention?
Keep the hot water heater set at no more than 120°F (49°C). •Turn all pot handles on the stove toward the back of the stove.
Keep hot objects, such as cigarettes, coffee pots, and hot liquids or foods, out of the reach of small hands.
• Remove hanging tablecloths and electrical cords, especially around children who crawl or walk.
• Teach older children safe cooking methods and emphasize that it is never acceptable to wear loose clothing near the stove or other heat source (e.g., fireplace, wood-burning stove).• Use guardrails or guards around fireplaces, space heaters, and other heating sources.• Use and maintain smoke detectors in the home. • Keep electrical wires hidden and out of the reach of children.• Use plastic caps to cover electrical outlets. • Keep small, hot appliances such as curling irons and steam irons out of the reach of children.• Keep a fire extinguisher in the home and know how to operate it.• Use a cool mist rather than a hot mist vaporizer.