newborn & infant growth
What is the average newborn weight?
3.4 kg (7.5 lb)
How much weight does a toddler typically gain each year?
3-5 lb per year
What is one way the nurse can minimize procedure-related stress in children?
Use age appropriate explanations
What describes how a child interacts with their environment?
Temperament
What type of car seat should an infant use?
Rear-facing car seat
When does an infants birth weight normally double?
Birth weight typically doubles by 4-6 months.
What type of play is characteristic of toddlers who play alongside one another but generally do not cooperate?
Parallel play
What positioning strategy can help provide children with security during procedures?
Comfort positioning
What are the three general temperament categories?
Easy, difficult/challenging, and slow to warm up
What foods are introduced at approximately 6 months?
Iron-fortified cereals and puréed foods
Which fontanel remains open approximately 12-18 months?
The anterior fontanel
What developmental characteristic causes toddlers to focus primarily on themselves?
Egocentrism
What are examples of active distraction techniques?
Bubbles, toys, and interactive games
What are four major categories of barriers to healthcare?
Financial, ethinc, sociocultural, and healthcare delivery system barriers
What is an important infant water-safety intervention?
Never leave an infant alone in the bath
According to Erikson, what psychosocial stage occurs during infancy?
Trust vs. Mistrust
How much structured physical activity does a toddler need daily?
60 minutes of structured physical activity
What should nurses use when language differences interfere with communication?
Professional interpreters
What are the four major parenting styles?
Authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and rejecting-neglecting
Which food is a good source of vitamin A for toddlers?
Carrots
What concept describes an infants understanding that an object continues to exist even when it is out of sight?
Object permanence
According to the toddler developmental content, what does Erikson’s theory emphasize during this stage?
Autonomy and self-control
What atraumatic care strategy helps empower the child and increase their sense of control?
Giving the child choices and allowing participation
what is the purpose of discipline, as distinguished from punishment?
Teaching and rewarding desirable behavior
A family has limited English proficiency and needs to discuss their child’s care. What is the appropriate communication strategy?
Professional interpreters