Growth & Development
The anterior fontanel normally closes by this age.
12–18 months
The most accurate indicator of dehydration in a child.
Daily weight
The hallmark sound of croup.
Inspiratory stridor
Koplik spots are pathognomonic for this illness.
Measles
A child with periorbital edema and proteinuria likely has this disorder.
Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-year-old should be able to use this number of words.
About 50 words and simple phrases
Mild dehydration is defined as this percentage of body weight loss.
3-5%
The priority treatment for bronchiolitis (RSV).
Supportive care/hydration/oxygen as needed
A pruritic vesicular rash in various stages of healing indicates this disease.
Varicella
A child with acute glomerulonephritis typically had this infection first.
Strep throat
A red flag for autism at 18 months is absence of this behavior.
Joint attention/pointing
The preferred fluid for oral rehydration therapy (ORT).
pedialyte/glucose and electrolytes (not water)
A child with asthma has wheezing that does not improve with albuterol. This complication is:
Status asthmaticus
A child on aspirin with viral illness is at risk for this syndrome.
Reye syndrome
A child with cyanosis that improves with squatting likely has this heart defect.
Tetralogy of Fallot
This reflex persists the longest and its absence indicates cerebral palsy.
Moro reflex
Severe dehydration with shock requires this fluid and rate.
Normal saline bolus 20 mL/kg rapidly
SaO₂ of 88% with retractions in a toddler indicates this priority nursing action.
Administer oxygen with high flow
A child with suspected meningitis requires this priority intervention before anything else.
Droplet isolation and IV antibiotics
A school-age child has sudden onset headache, vomiting, bradycardia, and hypertension. The priority is to assess for this.
Increased intracranial pressure (neurologic emergency)
A school-age child’s thinking is characterized by this Piaget stage.
Concrete operational
A child with severe dehydration has a sodium level of 160. This is called:
Hypernatremic dehydration
A tripod position, drooling, and high fever suggest this emergency.
Epiglottitis (do not examine throat)
A child with sickle cell disease has sudden high fever, cough, and chest pain. X-ray shows new infiltrates. What complication is most concerning?
Acute chest syndrome.
A newborn with a loud murmur and bounding pulses has a widened pulse pressure. What congenital heart defect is most likely?
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)