Congenital Defects
What defect is most commonly associated with trisomy 21?
Ventricular Septal Defect
What is the most serious complication of Kawasaki Disease?
Coronary artery aneurysm
Which med improves contractility but has toxicity risk?
Digoxin
Which test uses sound waves to view heart structures?
Echocardiogram
An infant with poor feeding and failure to thrive may have what?
Cardiac dysfunction
Which cyanotic defect has 4 components and causes Tet spells?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What is the key lab test for Rheumatic Fever?
ASO titer
What are signs of left-sided heart failure in children?
Tachypnea, retractions, pulmonary congestion
What activities should be avoided post-cath?
Swimming, bathing, sports for 3–5 days
Child turns blue with crying and has clubbing. What’s likely?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Why does a PDA cause increased pulmonary blood flow?
Left-to-right shunting from aorta to pulmonary artery
Which acquired disorder is caused by bacteremia forming vegetations?
Infective Endocarditis
What is diet advice post cardiac cath?
Resume normal diet as tolerated
What cath site complications do you assess for?
Redness, drainage, swelling, bruising, numbness
Wide pulse pressure in a newborn suggests?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
What is emergency treatment for a Tet spell?
Knee-chest position, oxygen, morphine, beta-blockers, surgery
Which med is given prophylactically before dental procedures?
Penicillin or Clindamycin
What medication reduces afterload?
ACE inhibitors
When should a parent call the provider after a cath?
Fever >100.4°F, bleeding, increased pain or swelling
What is the most common congenital cardiac anomaly?
Ventricular Septal Defect
Name 2 defects that require PDA or ASD to survive.
Transposition of Great Arteries, Tricuspid Atresia
What are the 2 first-line treatments for Kawasaki Disease?
IVIG and high-dose aspirin
Why is oxygen used cautiously in peds HF?
It can reduce respiratory drive; use only if necessary
Difference between diagnostic and interventional cath?
Diagnostic = visualize; Interventional = treatment
What is the function of the foramen ovale in fetal life?
Shunts blood from right to left atrium