Who's Erik
The developmental task for infants (birth to 1 year) in Erikson’s theory.
trust vs. mistrust
Parents direct the child’s behavior by setting rules and explaining the reason for each rule setting.
Authoritative
What is the normal HR for a newborn?
Newborn (birth to 4 weeks): 110 to 160/min
Infant (1 to 12 months): 90 to 160/min
A childs first teeth typically erupt between the ages of
6 and 10 months (average age 8 months).
Name 2 milestones that are usually achieved by a 9-month-old? (Motor -fine and gross)
Sits unsupported
Uses fingers to move food towards themselves
Move objects from one hand to the other
Crawling or pulling to stand
Preschoolers (ages 3–6) face this stage, where they learn to take initiative or feel guilt.
initiative vs. guilt
Parents exert little or no control over the child’s behaviors and consult the child when making decisions.
Permissive
Respirations for a Adolescent (13 to 18 years), what is the normal range?
16 to 20/min
This is the best way to assess hydration status in an infant.
fontanel assessment, mucous membranes, and number of wet diapers
A child who can sit without support, babble, and grasp objects is approximately this age.
6 months
What is the term for the developmental stage where a toddler says “no” frequently and begins asserting independence?
The Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
Parents try to control the child’s behaviors and attitudes through unquestioned rules and expectations.
Authoritarian
This is the best pulse site to assess in a child under 2 years old.
apical pulse
What is the first-line treatment for croup (Acute laryngotracheobronchitis and acutespasmodic laryngitis)
Nebulized epinephrine and corticosteroids.
Nursing care: Admin O2 as needed, monitor pulse ox, admin IVF as prescribed
At what age can children usually draw a circle
3 years
Adolescents (ages 12–18) are in this stage, where they develop a sense of self.
identity vs. role confusion
Parents are indifferent and emotionally removed.
Uninvolved
A 4-year-old with a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute is showing this clinical sign.
tachypnea
Normal Preschooler (3 to 5 years): 20 to 25/min
What is bronchiolitis, and which virus most commonly causes it?
Inflammation of the small airways caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
A child is expected to begin walking independently by this age.
12–15 months
A 5-year-old “plays doctor” and creates elaborate stories with stuffed animals. This is an example of healthy development in this stage.
initiative vs. guilt
Define a Nuclear family
Traditional nuclear family: Married couple and their biologic children (only full brothers and sisters)
Nuclear family: Two parents (married/unmarried) and their children (biologic, adoptive, step, foster)
You must count this vital sign for a full minute in infants due to irregular rhythms.
respiratory rate
Newborn (birth to 4 weeks): 30 to 60/min
Infant (1 to 12 months): 25 to 60/min
A pediatric patient presents with fever, drooling, difficulty swallowing, and stridor. The child is sitting in a tripod position, appearing anxious, and has a muffled voice. What is the diagnosis, the most likely causative organism, and the critical intervention needed?
Diagnosis: Epiglottitis
Causative Organism: Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
Critical Intervention: Immediate airway management and administration of IV antibiotics
A 4-year-old child is evaluated for developmental delays. The child cannot dress themselves, speaks in two-word phrases, has difficulty following simple instructions, and struggles with interactive play. What what potential disorder could this suggest?
Potential Disorder: Autism Spectrum disorder, or a global developmental delay