bloody hell!
This cause of bloody diarrhea is associated with consumption of chicken eggs, or contact with reptiles/turtles.
Salmonella
Presents very similarly to Campylobacter!
Two presentations- 1) GI "nontyphoidal salmonella"
2) Typhoid fever "pea soup diarrhea", faint pink/salmon colored macular rash (associated with travel to areas with poor sanitation- south central asia)
This non-invasive/inflammatory diarrhea is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in adults, and is commonly associated with cruises.
Norovirus!
associated with outbreaks- cruises, hospitals, restaurants
This diarrhea is associated with foods (dairy, mayo, eggs, meats, salads) left out at room temperature
Staphylococcus aureus
source of food poisoning for backyard bbqs, potlucks, cookouts (think outdoors!)
This mu-receptor agonist (opioid) is the most popular antidiarrheal but should not be used with bacterial or bloody diarrhea.
Loperimide- (Immodium)
This secretory diarrhea is described as "rice water stools"
Vibrio Cholerae
Associated with overcrowding, poor sanitation (abroad), or eating shellfish (oysters)
This sometimes bloody diarrhea is known for innumerable episodes of diarrhea (30-50 daily!) and fecal incontinence
C Diff
Treat with ORAL vanc or fidaxomycin
This protozoal etiology is classically associated with camping or hiking (unfiltered water)
Giardia Lamblia!
MC parasitic cause of diarrhea in US.
Treat with Metronidazole (or tinidazole)
This inflammatory cause of diarrhea is associated with contaminated pork products (also seen in milk, water, tofu)
Yersinia Enterocolitica
Severe: FQ or SMXTMP
This medication should be used for protozoal infections like entamoeba histolytica or giardia.
Metronidazole
This type of diarrhea is associated with hospital admissions and recent courses of antibx
C Diff
This often bloody diarrhea (50%) is associated with daycare centers
Shigellosis
Adults get FQ, kids get Azithromycin
Name several ways we are going to avoid getting traveler's diarrhea in puerto rico
WASH HANDS, don't eat raw fruit/veggies unless we can peel them or we can rinse them off ourselves, avoid food sitting in hot buffets, pack loperimide lol
This cause of diarrhea is associated with raw ground beef or seed sprouts.
E Coli 0157:h7 (shiga producing)
This drug treatment is appropriate for C Diff. (two options)
PO vancomycin or fidaxomycin
This diarrhea is often described as frothy, greasy, or foul-smelling
Giardia
This cause of bloody diarrhea is associated with raw or undercooked chicken.
Campylobacter Jejuni
MC bacterial cause of infectious diarrhea! Tx with azithromycin.
Post infectious reactive arthritis or Guillan Barre syndrome possible
This is the most common cause of diarrhea you might get when traveling to a developing country.
Enterotoxigenic E Coli
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency
Pellagra! (three d's- dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea)
Dx: urine measurement of n-methynicotinamide
This is the first line treatment for ulcerative colitis.
Mesalamine
This diarrhea is the MCC of gastroenteritis in young unimmunized children between 6m-2y of age.
Rotavirus
associated with outbreaks in childcare centers, but NONBLOODY diarrhea
If you give antibiotics for this cause of bloody diarrhea, you increase the patient's likelihood for developing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.
What is... E COLI O157H7
Severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, usually afebrile. Undercooked meat, fresh foods, contact with farm animals, fecal oral transmission. "shiga toxin"
This protozoal infection isn't commonly seen in the US, but seen in travelers and migrants from endemic areas. Transmitted by ingestion of cysts from food/water contaminated by feces.
Entamoeba histolytica
Dx ova/parasites. Must obtain samples on 3 different days bc cysts aren't consistently shed
Tx: Metronidazole
This diarrhea is often associated with fried rice
Bacillus Cereus
"contaminated food", can survive reheating
This is the first line treatment for Crohn's disease.
Sulfasalazine.
Pregnant women are 10x more likely to get this type of diarrhea than non-pregnant humans.
Listeria
Vegetables can become contaminated from the soil, and animals can also be carriers. Listeria has been found in uncooked meats, uncooked vegetables, unpasteurized milk, foods made from unpasteurized milk, and processed foods. Listeria is killed by pasteurization and cooking.