France Leaders
Who was Louis XIII
Came to the throne at Nine years old. During the years of his youth his mother Marie de Medici rule France. Ruled from 1610-1643.
Jean- Baptiste Colbert
Appointed by Louis XIV at his minister of fiance. He was spending money faster than it took it in. Tightened government control of french economy and encouraged commercial activity and economic self sufficiency. ruled from 1619-1683
Who Catherine the second?
Russian empress known as "the Great". Treated the peasants harshly and encouraged education. Instituted government censorship and weakened Russian Orthodox Church by transferring church property to the government. Completed Westernization and wanted additional seaports. ruled from 1762-1796.
Oliver Cromwell
Leader of Roundheads. Defeated Charles at Battle of Naseby causing Charles to surrender. Took title "Lord Protector" Ruled England after the English Civil War 1599-1658
Charles II
son of Charles I. tried to be financially independent of Parliament. Received grants from Luis XIV in return for support of French foreign policy. No real kids. Accepted Parliament's offer to become England's new king. 1660-1685
Who was Jules Marzarin
Chief minister of Louis XIV in Louis's youth years. Maintained the absolutist policies of his predecessor Richelieu.
Peter the first
Russian emperor known as "The Great" and traveled western Europe to learn how to westernize Russia. Began Westernization and Modernization program and wanted to expand Russian territory. Defeated Sweden and won territory in the Great Northern War.
Charles I
Beheaded Jan. 30, 1649. Was the son of James I. Persecuted Puritans causing them to go to America. Laws about parliament power. Inherited his dad's religious/political views. He lost the Civil War. 1625-1649
James II
Brother of Charles II. Believer in Absolutism. Devout Catholic. Lost the throne in a bloodless revolution in 1688. Ruled from 1685-1688
Who was Louis XV
Grandson of Louis XIV and was five when Louis XIV died.He became King at 5 to keep France out of war. He rebuilt the economy and involved France in disastrous and humiliating wars. Causing France to Go bankrupt. ruled from 1715-1774
Who is Maria Theresa
After she been empress of Austria for two months. Frederick the second invaded the Province of Silesia. ruled from 1740-1780.
Ivan the IV
first Absolutist Russian ruler, called Ivan the Terrible. Expanded Russian territory and had nobility murdered (even his son). Taxed Russia. His title "Czar". Ruled 1533-1584
Henry IV
Bourbon. Helped laid foundations for Absolutism. After French Civil Wars victory, he strengthened royal power. 1589-1610
Who was Cardinal Richelieu
Became Louis XII ruthless chief minister. Sought to strengthen the power of the king and to weaken the power of the nobles. He persecuted the Huguenots.
Who was Joseph II
Emperor of Austria and he wanted to create an absolutist state in Austria. Forced nobility and Roman Catholic church to pay higher taxes while reducing the tax burden on peasants. Granted religious freedom to non-catholic.ruled with Maria Theresa. ruled from 1765-1790
James II
Brother of Charles II. Believer in Absolutism. Devout Catholic. Lost the throne in a bloodless revolution in 1688. Ruled from 1685-1688
William III & Mary II
Were the only co-rulers in history. Accepted Act of Settlement & Bill of Rights. Their rule led to the 'Glorious Revolution'
William ruled 1689-1702
Mary 1689-1694
Who was Louis XIV
Built Versailles and his nickname was Sun king. In 1685 revoked the edict of Nantes. During his youth the government was controlled by a new chief minister. Since he revoked the edict of Nantes which granted religious toleration of french protestants. Huguenots lost their freedom to worship as a result. ruled from 1643-1715.
Charles II
son of Charles I. tried to be financially independent of Parliament. Received grants from Luis XIV in return for support of French foreign policy. No real kids. Accepted Parliament's offer to become England's new king. 1660-1685
Was also James VI of Scotland. An English successor to Elizabeth. New English translation of the Bible "King James" Pushed the Anglican Church. From Stewart Dynasty. 1603-1625