Past Modal Forms
I _____________ (could/ study) medicine. But I became a teacher instead.
I COULD HAVE STUDIED medicine. But I became a teacher instead.
Perfect modal used to express regrets or criticism after and event.
should have + past participle
ought to have + past participle
1) begin 2) meet 3) hurt
1) begun 2) met 3) hurt
Erica must has gone out. I can't find her anywhere.
HAVE
Poderíamos ter comprado a lâmpada de vendas, mas chegamos tarde à loja
We could have bought the sales lamp but we arrived late to the shop
Jeanette isn't here. She __________ (must/ go) home early.
Jeanette isn't here. She MUST HAVE GONE home early.
Perfect modal used to express possibility that something was true
may have/ might have + past participle
1) grow 2) lend 3) hide
1) grown 2) lent 3) hidden
Michael is running late. He might have got stuck in traffic.
GOTTEN
Eu deveria ter comprado o guarda-chuva, parece que vai começar a chover em breve.
I should have bought the umbrella, it looks like it is going to start raining any time soon.
Dean ______________ (should/ not/ drive) home after the party last night. He was stopped for drunk driving.
Dean SHOULD NOT / SHOULDN'T HAVE DRIVEN home after the party last night. He was stopped for drunk driving.
Perfect modal for expressing possibility in the past. It was not done in the end.
could have + past participle
1) lie 2) give 3) pay
1) lain 2) given 3) paid
Lily has a great suntan. She must go somewhere hot for her vacation.
HAVE GONE
Ela não deveria ter saído de casa tão tarde. Ela está atrasada para sua consulta no médico
She shouldn't have left home that late. She is late for her appointment at the doctor's
You ____________ (should/ go) on the cruise. You __________ (would/ love) it.
You SHOULD HAVE GONE on the cruise. You WOULD HAVE LOVED it.
Perfect modal used to express certainty, desire to do something that wasn't actually done.
would have + past participle
1) throw 2) wear 3) wake
I think Gabriel drink all the milk. There's none left.
MUST HAVE DRUNK
Acabei de encontrar Juan no casal. Ele não poderia ter saído de férias ainda.
I just bumped into Juan at the casal. He couldn't have gone on holidays yet.
I ___________(could/ study) architecture. I ___________ (would/be) really good at it. I ___________ (might/ be) famous.
I COULD HAVE STUDIED architecture. I WOULD HAVE BEEN really good at it. I MIGHT HAVE BEEN famous.
Perfect modal used to express certainty or logical conclusions
must have + past participle
1) shine 2) ring 3) show
1) shone/shined 2) rung 3) shown
Jenna is late. She may have took the wrong road.
MAY/ MIGHT HAVE TAKEN
Alex pode ter se perdido na multidão na festa
Alex might have got lost at the crowd at the party