Past Modal Forms
Complete the sentence using the past modal and the verb given.
I _____________ (could/ study) medicine. But I became a teacher instead.
I COULD HAVE STUDIED medicine. But I became a teacher instead.
Perfect modal used to express regrets. There may be one or more.
should have + past participle
What are the past participles of these words?
1) begin 2) meet 3) hurt
1) begun 2) met 3) hurt
Correct the sentence.
Erika must has gone out. I can't find her anywhere.
Erika must HAVE gone out.
Complete the sentence using the past modal and the verb given.
Jeanette isn't here. She __________ (must/ go) home early.
Jeanette isn't here. She MUST HAVE GONE home early.
Perfect modal used to express judgments or opinions. There may be one or more.
should have + past participle
What are the past participles of these words?
1) grow 2) lend 3) keep
1) grown 2) lent 3) kept
Correct the sentence.
Michael is running late. He might have got stuck in traffic.
He might have GOTTEN stuck in traffic.
Complete the sentence using the past modal and the verb given.
Dean ______________ (should/ not/ drive) home after the party last night. He was stopped for drunk driving.
Dean SHOULD NOT / SHOULDN'T HAVE DRIVEN home after the party last night. He was stopped for drunk driving.
Perfect modal to express ability. There may be one or more.
could have + past participle
What are the past participles of these words?
1) know 2) give 3) pay
1) known 2) given 3) paid
Correct the sentence.
Lily has a great suntan. She must go somewhere hot for her vacation.
She must HAVE GONE somewhere hot for her vacation.
Complete the sentence using the past modal and the verb given.
You ____________ (should/ go) on the cruise. You __________ (would/ love) it.
You SHOULD HAVE GONE on the cruise. You WOULD HAVE LOVED it.
Perfect modal used to express advice or suggestions. There may be one or more.
should have + past participle
could have + past participle
would have + past participle
What are the past participles of these words?
1) throw 2) wear 3) wake
1) thrown 2) worn 3) woken
Correct the sentence.
He missed the meeting. He could have been more responsible.
He SHOULD have been more responsible.
Complete the sentence using the past modal and the verb given.
I ___________(could/ study) architecture. I ___________ (would/be) really good at it. I ___________ (might/ be) famous.
I COULD HAVE STUDIED architecture. I WOULD HAVE BEEN really good at it. I MIGHT HAVE BEEN famous.
Perfect modal used to express degrees of certainty. There may be one or more.
must have + past participle
may have + past participle
might have + past participle
could have + past participle
What are the past participles of these words?
1) steal 2) hold 3) tear
1) stolen 2) held 3) torn
Correct the sentence.
He did something wrong at work and argued with his boss. He would have not yelled at his boss.
He SHOULDN'T have yelled at his boss.