Period 1
The transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases across the Atlantic following Columbus’s 1492 voyage.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The 1620 agreement signed by Pilgrim leaders aboard their ship establishing a rudimentary form of self-government based on majority rule.
What is the Mayflower Compact?
The British directive that prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains in an effort to stabilize the western frontier after Pontiac’s Rebellion.
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
The 1803 Supreme Court case under Chief Justice John Marshall that established the principle of judicial review.
What was Marbury v. Madison?
The failed 1587 settlement attempt off the coast of North Carolina led by Sir Walter Raleigh, famously remembered as the "Lost Colony".
What is Roanoke Island?
The Spanish labor system in the Americas that granted conquistadores control over Native American labor on designated tracts of land.
What is the Encomienda System?
The economic policy adopted by European powers in the 17th century asserting that a colony exists solely to enrich its parent country through raw materials and trade control.
What is Mercantilism?
Thomas Paine's 1776 pamphlet that used clear language to argue that it was contrary to common sense for a small island to rule a large continent.
What is Common Sense?
The 1823 foreign policy declaration asserting that the American continents were off-limits to future European colonization.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
The radical Christian group, formally known as the Society of Friends, who founded Pennsylvania on principles of equality, religious tolerance, and nonviolence.
Who are the Quakers?
The Spanish priest who dissented against the brutal treatment of Native Americans and debated Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda at Valladolid in 1550.
Who was Bartolomé de Las Casas?
The 1676 Virginian rebellion caused by class differences, frontier conflicts with Native Americans, and frustration with Governor Berkeley's government.
What was Bacon’s Rebellion?
The 1754 proposal developed by Benjamin Franklin that advocated an intercolonial government and tax system for common defense during the French and Indian War.
What was the Albany Plan of Union?
Henry Clay's comprehensive economic plan consisting of protective tariffs, a national bank, and federally funded internal improvements.
What was the American System?
The 1787 legislation that established a structured system for governing western lands, banned slavery in the region, and set the process for admitting new states to the Union on equal footing with the original 13.
What is the Northwest Ordinance?
The primary staple crop cultivated in Mesoamerica whose gradual northward spread enabled larger, more settled Native societies in the American Southwest.
What is Maize (Corn)?
The 1730s and 1740s religious movement characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling led by ministers like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield.
What was the Great Awakening?
The 1787 Constitutional Convention agreement that resolved political representation by creating a two-house Congress.
What was the Great Compromise (or Connecticut Compromise)?
The 1820 agreement that admitted Maine as a free state, Missouri as a slave state, and banned slavery north of latitude 36°30' in the Louisiana Territory.
What was the Missouri Compromise?
The 1794 rebellion by western Pennsylvania farmers protesting an excise tax on liquor, which President Washington quelled using federalized troops.
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
The 1494 agreement brokered by the Pope that divided territorial claims in the Americas between Spain and Portugal.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The unofficial British imperial policy from 1642 to 1763 of very laxly enforcing colonial trade regulations like the Navigation Acts.
What is Salutary Neglect?
The 1798 laws enacted under President John Adams that made deporting non-citizens easier and penalized newspaper criticism of the federal government.
What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
The 1848 New York gathering led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott that issued the "Declaration of Sentiments" advocating for women's rights.
What was the Seneca Falls Convention?
The 1814 secret meeting where New England Federalists discussed their grievances against the War of 1812, which ultimately led to the demise of their political party.
What was the Hartford Convention?