Renaissance
This Renaissance idea challenged medieval scholasticism by emphasizing classical sources over Church authority.
What is Humanism
This English king created the Church of England.
Who was Henry VIII?
What type of ship allowed for longer ocean voyages?
What is the Caravel?
This 1555 agreement allowed German princes to choose Catholicism or Lutheranism for their territories.
Spanish ruler strongly defended Catholicism but lost to Queen Elizabeth I in the Spanish Armada of 1588
Who was Philip II of Spain?
This shift in worldview moved Europe away from a God-centered society to a human-centered one.
What is Secularism?
This German monk posted the Ninety-Five Theses in 1517.
Who was Martin Luther?
This Portuguese prince supported exploration along Africa.
Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
Issued by Henry IV of France, this 1598 edict granted limited religious tolerance to Protestants.
What is the Edict of Nantes
This 1524–1525 revolt in the Holy Roman Empire was influenced by Reformation ideas but suppressed violently.
What is the German Peasants' War?
This term describes the blending of Christian and classical ideas in Northern Europe.
What is Christian Humanism?
This religious order focused on education and missionary work during the Counter-Reformation.
Who are the Jesuits? (Society of Jesus)
This system forced Indigenous labor in Spanish colonies.
What is the encomienda system?
This series of laws under Henry VIII officially broke England from the Catholic Church.
What is the Act(s) of Supremacy?
What event massacred French Protestants in 1572?
What was St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
This language shift allowed Renaissance ideas to reach common people.
What is Vernacular?
This religious group rejected infant baptism?
Who are the Anabaptist's?
This agreement divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
This 1648 agreement ended the Thirty Years’ War and recognized state sovereignty in Europe.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
This major European dynasty controlled Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, and parts of Italy during conflicts of the Renaissance era.
Who are the Habsburgs?
This Northern Renaissance thinker wrote In Praise of Folly.
Who was Desiderius Erasmus?
This belief states salvation comes through faith alone.
What is Sola Fide?
Economic system used by European nations to maximize wealth by exporting more goods than they imported.
What is mercantilism
King Henry IV issued religious tolerance to French Protestants also known as what?
What is Huguenots
This leader initially supported Protestant forces in the Thirty Years’ War despite being Catholic.
Who was Cardinal Richelieu?