CH. 9
Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were two prominent members of
What is the transcendentalist movement?
The U.S. saw the most immigrants from these two European countries as a result of the market revolution
What is Germany and Ireland?
This ideology of favoring native-born white Americans over European immigrants and blaming immigrants for the ills of society grew alongside the market revolution.
What is nativism?
_____________ drove the territorial expansion of the United States and was used to justify the forced removal of Native Americans. The belief was that white Americans had a duty to settle the continent and spread democracy and capitalism
What is Manifest destiny?
In the nineteenth century, which product was the world’s major crop produced by slave labor?
What is cotton?
According to this ideology, women should exist in the private, domestic sphere of the home, and should not venture into the public sphere for work like men do.
What is the "Cult of Domesticity?"
This doctrine's main tenets include:
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
By 1840, 90 percent of which group in the United States was eligible to vote?
Who are adult white men?
Who invented the Cotton Gin?
Who is Eli Whitney?
a covert network of people, primarily abolitionists in the North, who secretly helped enslaved people escape from the South to free states or Canada before the Civil War, providing them with shelter and routes to freedom. Led by Harriet Tubman
What is the Underground Railroad?
a trade embargo passed by the United States Congress and President Thomas Jefferson in response to European interference with American shipping during the Napoleonic Wars
What is the Embargo Act of 1807?
a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
the seventh President of the United States, serving from 1829 to 1837, who is primarily known for his expansion of democracy by advocating for the "common man" through policies like the spoils system, while also being heavily criticized for his forceful Indian removal policy, known as the "Trail of Tears".
Who is Andrew Jackson?
What significant issue did the Missouri Compromise aim to resolve?
The expansion of slavery/the balance of slave vs free states
a slave uprising in Southampton County, Virginia in 1831, where a small group of slaves violently rebelled against their enslavers, killing dozens of white people before being captured and executed
What is Nat Turner's Rebellion?
a widespread Protestant religious revival that occurred in the United States during the late 18th and early 19th centuries; it significantly influenced social reform movements of the time like abolitionism and women's rights.
What is the Second Great Awakening?
a law passed in 1830, signed by President Andrew Jackson, which authorized the government to negotiate with Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River to exchange their land for territory west of the river, essentially forcing them to relocate from their ancestral homelands, leading to events like the "Trail of Tears" where many tribes were forcibly removed from their land
What is the Indian Removal Act?
It was widely believed that Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced Congress to elect Adams, who then made Clay his Secretary of State. Jackson's supporters denounced this as a
What is a "corrupt bargain"?
This legislation admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave state at the same time, so as not to upset the balance between slave and free states in the nation. It also outlawed slavery above the 36º 30' latitude (Mason-Dixon) line
What is the Missouri Compromise?
A Spanish slave ship seized by revolting African slaves that led to a dramatic U.S. Supreme court case that freed the slaves on the ship.
What is the Amistad?
Led by new Speaker of the House Henry Clay, this small group of members of Congress put pressure on President James Madison to declare war against Britain in 1812.
What were the War Hawks?
a major political conflict during Andrew Jackson's presidency where South Carolina attempted to declare a federal law (the Tariff of 1828, considered unfair to the South) "null and void" within their state borders, arguing that states had the right to nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional
What is the Nullification Crisis?
In this Supreme Court case, the Supreme Court ruled that New York could not grant a monopoly on steamboat navigation.
What is Gibbons v. Ogden?
An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements.
Who were the Whigs?
an anti-slavery newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison in Boston, Massachusetts, during the antebellum period, which fiercely advocated for the immediate emancipation of all slaves and was considered one of the most prominent voices in the abolitionist movement
What is The Liberator?