Jeffersonian Era and Early Republic
Who was the third president of the U.S.?
Thomas Jefferson
What was the primary cause of the War of 1812?
British impressment of American sailors and interference with trade.
What was the Spoils System?
Giving government jobs to political supporters (“to the victor go the spoils”).
What year was the Oregon Trail officially opened?
1843
What case established judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
What was the Louisiana Purchase?
A land purchase from France that doubled the size of the U.S.
What treaty ended the War of 1812?
The Treaty of Ghent.
What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
Forced relocation of Native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi.
Who was the president during the Mexican-American War?
James K. Polk
What case supported implied federal powers?
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
What was the Embargo Act 1807?
A law banning U.S. trade with all foreign nations to avoid conflict.
What was the significance of the Battle of New Orleans?
A major U.S. victory, though fought after the treaty was signed.
What was the Nullification Crisis?
South Carolina threatened to nullify federal tariffs and secede.
What was the significance of the Gadsden Purchase?
The U.S. bought land from Mexico for a southern railroad route.
What case stated states cannot tax the federal government?
McCulloch v. Maryland (states can’t tax the federal government)
How did the 12th Amendment change presidential elections?
Required separate ballots for president and vice president.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
Warned Europe not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere.
What was Jackson’s position on the National Bank?
He strongly opposed it, calling it unconstitutional and elitist.
What was the result of the Texas Revolution?
Texas gained independence from Mexico.
What case ruled that Native Americans had rights to their lands?
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
What was the impact of the Lewis & Clark Expedition?
Mapped the West, documented new species, and encouraged westward expansion.
What was the Hartford Convention?
A Federalist meeting criticizing the War of 1812; helped destroy the Federalist Party.
What was the Bank War?
Jackson removed federal funds from the Bank and put them into “pet banks.”
What was the significance of the California Gold Rush?
Sparked mass migration West, helped California become a state quickly.
What case established federal control over interstate commerce?
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)