Empires
This Empire was located in central Europe and lasted from 800 CE to 1806 CE. It's largely known for the Crusades to take back the Holy Land.
The Holy Roman Empire
The cause of the Protestant Reformation is:
German priest Martin Luther nailed the Ninety-Five Theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg. This listed everything wrong with the Roman Catholic Church.
Despite all of the changes in this period, one continuity of China is:
They still followed the philosophy Confucianism
In contrast to the American Revolution which was a result of “taxation without representation”, the French Revolution was a result of which three things?
Starvation, large class difference, debt
What are indulgences?
When the Catholic church promises salvation for money. This was part of the growing corruption of the church.
This dynasty was taken over by the Manchus people
The Ming Dynasty
The British defeated this Spanish fleet in 1588, causing humiliation in Spain, while boosting confidence and patriotic ideas in Britain
The Spanish Armada
Previously, land-based trade was the main method of trading, however, this method of trading is faster and more efficient.
Maritime trade
In what ways were Russian and Spanish empire-building different?
Russia expanded because it wanted to protect itself from threats and they wanted to participate in the soft gold (fur) trade. The Spanish expanded because they competing against other European States.
This large British company dealt in Asian trade with spices, opium, tea, cotton, and many other goods.
The British East India Trading Company
This empire was the first to have an absolute monarch in Europe
The French Empire
Societies such as the Inca Empire, Aztec Empire, Native American tribes, and others in the New World fell to or were severely damaged by conquerors because of these European advantages (List 2)
Diseases, superior technology, better military, horses
This continuity is still here today despite the Protestant Reformation.
The Catholic church is still here today.
List the similarities (3) between the American Revolution and the French
They were both caused partially by unfair taxation, focuses on liberty and equality, and wanted freedom.
Which 5 states created new maritime empires in the Americas?
France, Portugal, Britain, Spain, and Dutch
This empire was the largest American empire from 1450-1700 CE
The Incan Empire
The effects of the Protestant Reformation are:
The creation of different denominations (Lutheran, Catholic, Anglican, and Anabaptist) the Thirty Years War, and a Counter-Reformation (Catholics got together and corrected some of the corruption in the church).
With the population of Europe ravaged by the black plague in the 14th century, name two changes in society that resulted
The freedom of serfs from the land they were tied to, serfs were able to move to estates with better conditions and pay, improved standards of living, the loss of royal bloodlines, movement to mercantilism, downfall of feudalism
In what way was Russian and Spanish empire-building similar?
They were both similar in their religious influence on conquered people. They both encouraged their conquered people to convert to Christianity.
These two modern countries produced 80% of the world’s sliver from 1500 to 1800
Mexico and Peru
This empire was built from the ashes of the Mali Empire and built its economy off of the Atlantic Slave Trade
The Songhai Empire
List two effects of Columbus’ voyage:
Columbian Exchange, Major epidemics (Such as smallpox, measles, and influenza) in the New World among native peoples.
List three changes in the Americas between the years 1450 to 1750 CE
A reduction in the native population by 90%, the introduction of Encomienda System, the building of immunity to European diseases, beginning of the Trans-Atlantic trade system, the introduction of European religions and culture.
List at least two differences between the Spread of Christianity in South America and Asia
South America- The people in South America were conquered, so the Spanish worked on converting masses of Natives to Christianity. They sought utter destruction of any other gods and would often punish the Natives if they were caught. Asia- Missionaries (called Jesuits) affiliated themselves within the Chinese court. They were very respectful to the Chinese ideas and found parallels between Confucianism and Christianity.
The 4 effects of The Little Ice Age are:
Frozen rivers and lakes, decreased crop production, increased starvation, and population decline.